Turn Water Into Liquid Gold With an Alchemy Experiment

Transform Water Into Liquid Gold With an Alchemy Experiment Blend two clear arrangements, pause, and watch the fluid go to gold! This is a straightforward speculative chemistry undertaking or science exhibition, in view of early endeavors to make gold from base metals. Materials Arrangement A 1 gram sodium arsenite50 ml water5.5 ml cold acidic corrosive Get ready Solution A by blending the sodium arsenite into the water. Blend the cold acidic corrosive into this arrangement. Arrangement B 10 grams sodium thiosulfate50 ml water Get ready Solution B by blending the sodium thiosulfate into the water. Lets Make Liquid Gold! Empty one arrangement into the other. The reasonable arrangement will turn gold after around 30 seconds. For emotional impact, monitor the time and order the answer for transform into gold. You can even utilize an enchantment word if youd like. The Chemistry Behind How It Works There is a postponed response between the corrosive and the sodium thiosulfate to discharge hydrogen sulfide gas. The hydrogen sulfide responds thusly with sodium arsenite to encourage little gems of brilliant arsenious sulfide, which is otherwise called arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) or orpiment. Both Western and Chinese chemists tried different things with orpiment to attempt to make gold. Despite the fact that the mineral can be made to seem metallic under specific conditions, the compound doesn't experience any response that changes either the arsenic or the sulfur into gold. All things considered, its a striking exhibit!

Anomalies of Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Abnormalities of Water - Essay Example This is on the grounds that the two hydrogen particles have exceptional method of clinging to the one oxygen iota whereby they get attached to the highest point of the atom. Thusly, â€Å"this sub-atomic structure gives the water particle extremity or a disproportionate electrical charge that pulls in other atoms† (Home Science Tools, 2012). Since the particle framed is charged to draw in different iotas, it makes water gain its solid holding, making surface strain and arrangement of beads conceivable. Undoubtedly, this oddity of water makes it apparently the most significant fluid, critical for life on earth. In the event that in vain by any stretch of the imagination, it is realized that â€Å"It covers about 70% of Earths surface and it makes up 65-75% of our bodies (82% of our blood is water).† What this implies is that without the extending property of water, transport through 70% of the earth’s surface would have been cut off and made outlandish on the grounds that boats, pontoons and other water vessels would not have had the option to go on the outside of water. These articles would have essentially sunk profound submerged. Once more, realizing that downpours come as beads, the world would likewise have come up short on the downpour drops since water would have maybe not had the property to stream right from the skies to the earth. This shows how splendidly water coordinates in God’s structure for the earth and life in light of the fact that as much as life would not have existed without water; water has been made such that makes it simpler to be a piece of

What Does a Panic Attack Feel Like and Is It Treatable

What Does a Panic Attack Feel Like and Is It Treatable Panic Disorder Diagnosis Print Signs and Treatments of Panic Attacks Panic attacks are common symptoms of anxiety and mood disorders By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 22, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 More in Panic Disorder Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Coping Related Conditions Panic attacks are the most common symptom associated with the diagnosis of panic disorder. However, they can occur with a variety of anxiety and mood disorders, as well as other medical conditions.   What Is It Like to Have a Panic Attack? Stephan Zabel/E/Getty Images A panic attack can be described as an intense feeling of fear or extreme nervousness that is brought on abruptly. Typically, these feelings of terror and apprehension occur without warning and disproportionate to the actual threat or danger. Panic attacks often last for a brief duration. However, the effects of a panic attack can linger for several hours following the initial attack. Panic attacks frequently involve a combination of emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms. For example, when experiencing a panic attack, a person may feel embarrassed or distraught over their symptoms. A variety of somatic symptoms can occur, including sweating, shaking and chest pain. The person may fear that they might lose control of their body or mind. Overall, these symptoms can lead to feelings of terror, causing the person to want to escape from their situation. How Can a Doctor Diagnose My Panic Attacks? The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, (DSM-5) lists a set of distinct criteria for panic attacks. According to the DSM, a panic attack involves a sudden fear accompanied by four or more of the following symptoms: Panic Attack Symptoms Heart palpitations  or accelerated heart rateExcessive sweatingTrembling or shakingShortness of breathFeeling of chokingChest painNausea  or abdominal painFeeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faintDerealization or depersonalizationFear of losing control or going crazyFear of dyingFeelings of numbness or tingling sensationsChills or hot flushes Your doctor will also want to rule out the possibility of any separate medical conditions or related and co-occurring conditions. Are All Panic Attacks the Same? Not all panic attacks are experienced in the same way. The following describes the three categories of panic attacks: Unexpected (un-cued) panic attacks: These attacks occur suddenly without any internal or external  cues.Situation bound (cued) panic attacks: These attacks occur when a person is subjected to or is anticipating a particular trigger. For example, a person with a fear of heights may have a panic attack when inside of a tall building.Situational predisposed panic attacks: These attacks are similar to cued panic attacks, but do not always occur after subjection to a feared situation. These attacks also don’t always occur at the time the person is exposed to the trigger. For instance, a person who has a fear of flying may not always have a panic attack while on a plane or may have one after being on a flight for several hours. Uncued Unexpected panic attack that occurs out of the blue Cued Panic attack after exposure to trigger (frightening thought or experience) If I Have Panic Attacks, Does That Mean I Have Panic Disorder? Having panic attacks does not necessarily mean that a person has panic disorder. People who have panic disorder experience recurring and unexpected panic attacks. Panic attacks are also common among other anxiety disorders, including social anxiety disorder, PTSD,  and specific phobias. How to Tell If Panicky Symptoms Are a Sign of Disorder Are Panic Attacks Treatable? Panic attacks are a treatable condition. Typically, treatment options involve a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Medications include benzodiazepines, a type of anti-anxiety medication that can provide rapid relief for panic symptoms. Psychotherapy can help you explore your fears and learn to manage your frightening physical sensations. There are also numerous self-help strategies for getting through a panic attack. Some of the more common techniques include: Breathing exercisesProgressive muscle relaxationVisualizationDesensitization If you are experiencing panic attacks, it is important that you seek out professional help. The sooner you are treated, the more likely you will be able to get some relief and begin to manage your panic attacks. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Immigration On The United States - 1458 Words

Immigration has emerged as a hot topic of concern over the last couple of decades but in reality the problem of immigration goes far beyond the realms of recent decades. With President Trump’s intentions to build a wall to stop Mexicans from entering U.S. to the proposed ban of 7 nations, immigration has never been a more prevalent problem. The recent years however have given birth to a form of immigration that was not considered to be dominant before, refugees and displaced people are viewed differently from people who colonized various parts of the world in the early 17th, 18th and 19th century. Today when one thinks of immigrants, Middle Eastern, Indians and Africans spring mind but British and French people never do. Why is that so?†¦show more content†¦Which goes without saying if one was not white, they were not considered to be citizens or even immigrants. An interesting outline of white hierarchy presented by (Higham, 1977) explains how within the white race , Mediterranean, Alpines, and Nordics, where the with true Americans being cast as Nordics. Additionally, he also warned about the â€Å"mongrelization† that could be resulted from â€Å"true Americans† mixing with inferior types of whites. This point highlights that there were was a perceived difference between â€Å"white† as well. The (Naturalization Act of 1870) almost a 100 years later it was extended the possibility of naturalization to persons of â€Å"African nativity and African descent†, while also keeping in mind that other races were still not considered to be immigrants. To understand this relationship better, the coloniality of being and the debates of which â€Å"race† was/is superior and which was inferior led to these problems we face today. Present day, the race and immigration have a slightly different relationship. Since 1960s, immigration has had a very large impact on American society and there has been an increasing diversity of the nonwhite population of the United States, which has contributed to the fear of loss of control in domination amongst many white supremacists. It is evident after looking at various polls, examinations applications or any form in general, there are categories in which individuals are divided for the purpose of analysis, i.e. Whites,Show MoreRelatedImmigration And The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration in the United States continues to increase rapidly year by year. According to an analysis of monthly Census Bureau data by the Center for Immigration Studies, the immigration population in the United States, both legal and illegal, hit a record of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014 (CIS.org). Clearly, Immigrants make up a large part of the population in the United States, and for most immigrants, migrating to theRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1399 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Faed English 126 Immigration in the United States The United States of America, being a country established by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants are the people whoRead MoreImmigration And The United States965 Words   |  4 Pages Immigration is a highly controversial and big problem in the United States today. â€Å"While some characterize our immigration crisis as solely an issue of the 11 to 12 million unauthorized immigrants living in this country, our problems extend beyond the number of undocumented people to a broader range of issues. The lack of a comprehensive federal solution has created a slew of lopsided, enforcement-only initiatives that have cost the country billions of dollars while failing to end un authorizedRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe vast majority of people living in the United States are descendants of immigrants, and yet majority of them are against them. It is quickly forgotten that America was built on immigrants that wanted a new life. A life free from harsh government, and the freedom from forced religion. The original settlers were immigrants that stole this land; immigrants continued to come for years. It is not a newly constructed concept that immigrants have always been a problem, ask any Native American. One usedRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1064 Words   |  5 Pages Camarota (2007, p.1), director of the Immigration Studies Center, reports there are 1.6 million documented and undocumented migrants take up residence in the United States every year. Camarota goes on to say that the immigrants occupy one-eighth of the total population who settled in the U.S. The flood of aliens, to a significant degree, hinders the development of the United States. Therefore, the issues which relate to immigration must not be neglected, and the government should keep the numberRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration has been a large conversation topic for such a long time in our country. We have worked on policies for immigration, and have made changes to them throughout the duration of our country’s existence. This topic is always worth mentioning and important, but has become a bigger topic once again due to presidential elections and the conversations being had about immigration from said elections. It is not necessarily easily seen if the concern with immigration is who is here legally or limitingRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1565 Words   |  7 PagesA native of Mexico, Gonzalez came to the United States using a visa, to visit family members and in 1994, police convicted Gonzalez of the abduction and rape of a Waukegan, Illinois woman. During his conviction his attorney, Vanessa Potkin, addressed that at twenty years old, Gonzalez spoke very little English, had no criminal record, and yet the police wanted to pin the crime on him. Twenty years later, DNA from the crime cleared him of both charges, and Gonzalez is now threatened with deportationRead MoreImmigration : The United States1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States is a popular and powerful which many people admire. It is very true that the country prospect and is more enrich. O pening the border might improve the economy or can impact the job market for American citizens. It is the jobs of American citizens to be given more to this illegal immigrant. I believe the U.S. borders should remain closed. While it is clear that opening the borders can have benefits, I believe it is more important to keep jobs available for Americans. In my opinionRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 PagesFrench and European to settle in the New World. Since the colonial era, America has seen a wave of immigrants migrate in search of freedom and equality. Is this the same immigration today? Nearly 11.6 million immigrants from Mexico reside in the U.S. Today Immigration has a significant impact on many aspects of life in the United States, from the workforce and the classroom to communities across the country. Not all immigrants come to America legally whether as naturalized citizens, legal permanent residents

Elements of Macro-Environment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4438 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Macroenvironmental Forces 1. Major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic, demographics, legal, political, and social conditions, technological changes, and natural forces. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Elements of Macro-Environment" essay for you Create order 2. Factors that influence a companys or products development but that are outside of the companys control. For example, the macro environment could include competitors, changes in interest rates, changes in cultural tastes, or government regulations. An organizations macroenvironment consists of nonspecific aspects in the organizations surroundings that have the potential to affect the organizations strategies. When compared to a firms task environment, the impact of macroenvironmental variables is less direct and the organization has a more limited impact on these elements of the environment. Macroenvironmental variables include sociocultural, technological, political-legal, economic, and international variables. A firm considers these variables as part of its environmental scanning to better understand the threats and opportunities created by the variables and how strategic plans need to be adjusted so the firm can obtain and retain competitive advantage. The macroenvironment consi sts of forces that originate outside of an organization and generally cannot be altered by actions of the organization. In other words, a firm may be influenced by changes within this element of its environment, but cannot itself influence the environment. The curved lines in Figure 1 indicate the indirect influence of the environment on the organization. SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS The sociocultural dimensions of the environment consist of customs, lifestyles, and values that characterize the society in which the firm operates. Socio-cultural components of the environment influence the ability of the firm to obtain resources, make its goods and services, and function within the society. Sociocultural factors include anything within the context of society that has the potential to affect an organization. Population demographics, rising educational levels, norms and values, and attitudes toward social responsibility are examples of sociocultural variables. POPULATION CHANGES Changes in population demographics have many potential consequences for organizations. As the total population changes, the demand for products and services also changes. For instance, the decline in the birthrate and improvement in health care have contributed to an increase in the average age of the population in the United States. Many firms that traditionally marketed their products toward youth are developing product lines that appeal to an older market. Clothing from Levi Strauss Co. was traditionally popular among young adults. While its popularity in this market has waned, the firm has been able to develop a strong following in the adult market with its Dockers label. Other firms are developing strategies that will allow them to capitalize on the aging population. Firms in the health-care industry and firms providing funeral services are expected to do well given the increasing age of the U. S. population. They are projected as a growth segment of U. S. industry simply becau se of the population demographics. RISING EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Rising educational levels also have an impact on organizations. Higher educational levels allow people to earn higher incomes than would have been possible otherwise. The increase in income has created opportunities to purchase additional goods and services, and to raise the overall standard of living of a large segment of the population. The educational level has also led to increased expectations of workers, and has increased job mobility. Workers are less accepting of undesirable working conditions than were workers a generation ago. Better working conditions, stable employment, and opportunities for training and development are a few of the demands businesses confront more frequently as the result of a more educated workforce. NORMS AND VALUES Norms (standard accepted forms of behavior) and values (attitudes toward right and wrong), differ across time and between geographical areas. Lifestyles differ as well among different ethnic groups. As an example, the application in the United States of Japanese-influenced approaches to management has caused firms to reevaluate the concept of quality. Customers have also come to expect increasing quality in products. Many firms have found it necessary to reexamine production and marketing strategies to respond to changes in consumer expectations. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Social responsibility is the expectation that a business or individual will strive to improve the welfare of society. From a business perspective, this translates into the public expecting businesses to take active steps to make society better by virtue of the business being in existence. Like norms and values, what is considered socially responsible behavior changes over time. In the 1970s affirmative action was a high priority. During the early part of the twenty-first century prominent social issues were environmental quality (most prominently, recycling and waste reduction) and human rights, in addition to general social welfare. More than just philanthropy, social responsibility looks for active participation on the part of corporations to serve their communities. The stakeholder approach to social responsibility demonstrates some of the complexities of incorporating socially responsible issues into a firms strategies. Stakeholders are anyone with a stake in the organizations ex istence. Highly visible stakeholders are stockholders, employees, customers, and the local community. Decisions to be responsible and maximize the return to stockholders may require closing an unprofitable plant. However, employees and members of the local community could view this move as socially irresponsible since the move would not benefit the community. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Technology is another aspect of the environment a firm should consider in developing strategic plans. Changing technology may affect the demand for a firms products and services, its production processes, and raw materials. Technological changes may create new opportunities for the firm, or threaten the survival of a product, firm, or industry. Technological innovation continues to move at an increasingly rapid rate. DEMAND Technology can change the lifestyle and buying patterns of consumers. Recent developments in the field of microcomputers have dramatically expanded the potential customer base and created innumerable opportunities for businesses to engage in business via Internet. Whereas computers were traditionally used only by large organizations to handle data processing needs, personal computers are commonly used by smaller firms and individuals for uses not even imagined fifteen years ago. Similarly, new developments in technology led to a reduction in prices for computers and expanded the potential market. Lower prices allow computers to be marketed to the general public rather than to business, scientific, and professional users—the initial market. Technology may also cause certain products to be removed from the market. Asbestos-related illnesses have severely limited asbestos as a resource used in heat-sensitive products such as hair dryers. Further, a number of chemicals that have b een commonly used by farmers to control insects or plants are prohibited from use or require licensure as a consequence of those chemicals appearing in the food chain. PRODUCTION PROCESSES Technology also changes production processes. The introduction of products based on new technology often requires new production techniques. New production technology may alter production processes. Robotics represents one of the most visible challenges to existing production methods. Robots may be used in positions considered hazardous for people or that require repetitive, detailed activities. The consequences for other jobs currently occupied by people are not clear. When production was first automated, although some workers were displaced, new jobs were created to produce and maintain the automated equipment. The impact of robotics on jobs is in large part a function of the uses made of the technology and the willingness of workers to learn to use new technology. In some industries, use of robots during the early 2000s increased production and efficiency but resulted in significant numbers of job losses. However, technological innovation can also result in increased job growth. F or example, Ford Motor Companys $375-million technology update to its Norfolk assembly plant to build its 2004 F-150 resulted in the ability to build more models on its assembly line and consequently created about 270 new jobs, an 11 percent increase. EVALUATING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES There is little doubt that technology represents both potential threats and potential opportunities for established products. Products with relatively complex or new technology are often introduced while the technology is being refined, making it hard for firms to assess their market potential. When ballpoint pens were first introduced, they leaked, skipped, and left large blotches of ink on the writing surface. Fountain pen manufacturers believed that the new technology was not a threat to existing products and did not attempt to produce ball-point pens until substantial market share had been lost. Another technology, the electric razor, has yet to totally replace the blade for shaving purposes. Perhaps the difference is that the manufacturers of blades have innovated by adding new features to retain customers. Manufacturers of fountain pens did not attempt to innovate until the ballpoint pen was well established. It is quite difficult to predict the impact of a new technology on an existing product. Still, the need to monitor the environment for new technological developments is obvious. Attention must also be given to developments in industries that are not direct competitors, since new technology developed in one industry may impact companies and organizations in others. POLITICAL AND LEGAL FACTORS The political-legal dimension of the general environment also affects business activity. The philosophy of the political parties in power influences business practices. The legal environment serves to define what organizations can and cannot do at a particular point in time. ATTITUDES TOWARD BUSINESS A pro-business attitude on the part of government enables firms to enter into arrangements that would not be allowed under a more anti-business philosophy. The numerous joint ventures between U. S. nd Japanese automobile manufacturers could have been termed anticompetitive by a less pro-business administration. The release of many acres of government land for business use (logging, mining) angered many environmentalists who had been able to restrict business use of the land under previous administrations. Changes in sentiments toward smoking and its related health risks have altered the publics attitude toward the tobacco industry. These changes have been reflected in many organizations by limiting smoking to designated areas or completely prohibiting it at work. The transformation in attitude has also caused firms within the tobacco industry to modify marketing strategies, encouraging many to seek expansion opportunities abroad. LEGISLATION The legal environment facing organizations is becoming more complex and affecting businesses more directly. It has become increasingly difficult for businesses to take action without encountering a law, regulation, or legal problem. A very brief listing of significant laws that affect business would include legislation in the areas of consumerism, employee relations, the environment, and competitive practices. Many of the laws also have an associated regulatory agency. Powerful U. S. regulatory agencies include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Estimates of the cost of compliance vary widely, but could well exceed $100 billion annually. Many of these costs are passed to consumers. However, costs of legal expenses and settlements may not be incurred for years and are not likely to be paid by consumers of the product or owners of the company when the violation occurred. Still, potential legal action often results in higher prices for consumers and a more conservative attitude by business executives. LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE We generally speak about the government as referring to the federal government. It is the federal government that passes and enforces legislation concerning the entire country. Actions by the federal government affect a large number of firms and are consistent across state boundaries. Environmental analysis, however, should not overlook actions by both state and local governments. Regulations concerning many business practices differ between states. Tax rates vary widely. Laws regarding unionization (e. g. , right-to-work states) and treatment of homosexual workers differ between states. Local governments have the potential to affect business practices significantly. Some local governments may be willing to provide incentives to attract business to the area. Some may build industrial parks, service roads, and provide low-interest bonds to encourage a desirable business to move into the community. Regulatory measures such as building codes and zoning requirements differ significantly between communities. Infrastructure such as electric and sewer services, educational facilities, and sewage treatment capabilities may not be able to accommodate the increased demand associated with certain industries, making that locale unsuitable for establishing some businesses. ECONOMIC FACTORS Economic factors refer to the character and direction of the economic system within which the firm operates. Economic factors include the balance of payments, the state of the business cycle, the distribution of income within the population, and governmental monetary and fiscal policies. The impact of economic factors may also differ between industries. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS. The balance of payments of a country refers to the net difference in value of goods bought and sold by citizens of the country. To decrease the dollar value of goods imported into a country, it is common practice to construct barriers to entry for particular classes of products. Such practices reduce competition for firms whose products are protected by the trade barriers. Mexico has limited the number of automobiles that can be imported. The purpose of this practice is to stimulate the domestic automobile market and to allow it to become large enough to create economies of scale and to create jobs for Mexican wor kers. A side effect of the import restriction, however, has been an increase in the price and a decrease in the quality of automobiles available to the public. Another potential consequence of import restrictions is the possibility of reciprocal import restrictions. Partially in retaliation to import restriction on Japanese televisions and automobiles by the United States, the Japanese have limited imports of agricultural goods from the United States. Lowering trade restrictions as a means of stimulating the economy of a country may meet with mixed results. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has opened the borders between the United States, Canada, and Mexico for the movement of many manufacturers. Government officials in the United States argue the results have been positive, but many local communities that have lost manufacturing plants question the wisdom of the agreement. As discussed in an article by Susan Schmidt in World Trade magazine, issues that stemmed from r egulatory agencies and national security measures were barriers to free trade during the early part of the twenty-first century, demonstrating that NAFTA alone could not clear the path for companies and countries to take advantage of free trade benefits. BUSINESS CYCLE. The business cycle is another economic factor that may influence the operation of a firm. Purchases of many durable goods (appliances, furniture, and automobiles) can be postponed during periods of recession and depression, as can purchases of new equipment and plant expansions. Economic downturns result in lower profits, reductions in hiring, increased borrowing, and decreased productivity for firms adversely affected by the recession. Positive consequences of recessions may include reductions in waste, more realistic perceptions of working conditions, exit of marginally efficient firms, and a more efficient system. Some organizations may benefit from an economic downturn. Postponed purchases may result in the need to service existing products. An owner electing to keep a used automobile rather than buying a new one may need to have it repaired, thus creating an increased demand for automobile mechanics and replacement parts. Limited job opportunities during downturns also encourage individuals unable to get satisfactory jobs to consider going to college or joining the armed services. INCOME DISTRIBUTION. The distribution of income may differ between economic systems. Two countries with the same mean (per capita) income levels may have dramatically different distributions of income. The majority of persons in the United States are considered middle income, with only a relatively small number of persons having exceptionally high or low incomes. Many developing countries have citizens who are either extremely wealthy or extremely poor. Only a few persons would qualify as middle class. Therefore, although both countries had the same mean income, opportunities to market products to the middle clas s would be greater in the United States. TRANSFER PAYMENTS. Transfer payments (e. g. , welfare, social security) within the United States change the distribution of income. Transfer payments provide money to individuals in the lower income brackets and enable them to purchase goods and services they otherwise could not afford. Such a redistribution of income may not be the practice in other economic systems. Thus, large numbers of people in need of basic goods and services do not assure that those people will be able to purchase such goods and services. MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES. Monetary and fiscal policies utilized by the federal government also influence business operations. Monetary policies are controlled by the Federal Reserve System and affect the size of the money supply and interest rates. Fiscal policies represent purchases made by the federal government. For example, allocation of funds to defense means expenditures for weapons and hardware. If appropriations had gone to the Health and Human Services and Education Departments instead, much of the money would have constituted transfer payments. The primary beneficiaries of such a fiscal policy would be firms in the basic food and shelter businesses. No matter how government expenditures are reallocated, the result is lost sales and cut budgets for some companies, and additional opportunities for others. Though unpopular in the United States, another aspect of government fiscal policy is deficit spending, which may allow government expenditures to rise, but can also influence interest rates, exchange rates, and other economic trends. INTERNATIONAL FACTORS A final component of the general environment is actions of other countries or groups of countries that affect the organization. Governments may act to reserve a portion of their industries for domestic firms, or may subsidize particular types of businesses to make them more competitive in the international market. Some countries may have a culture or undergo a change in leadership that limits the ability of firms to participate in the countrys economy. As with the other elements of the macroenvironment, such actions are not directed at any single company, but at many firms. ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS. One of the most recent joint efforts by governments to influence business practices was NAFTA. The agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico was intended to facilitate free trade between the three countries. The result has been a decrease in trade barriers between them, making it easier to transport resources and outputs across national boundaries. The move has been beneficial to many businesses, and probably to the economies of all three countries. In most economic associations, preference is also given to products from member countries at the expense of products from nonmembers. Probably the best-known joint effort by multiple countries to influence business practices is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countr ies (OPEC). The formation of OPEC, an oil cartel including most major suppliers of oil and gas, led to a drastic increase in fuel prices. Rising fuel prices had a significant effect on the demand for automobiles worldwide. The increases in oil prices also contributed to inflation all over the world. OPECs early success encouraged countries producing other basic products (coffee beans, sugar, bananas) to attempt to control the prices of their products. A more recent example of an economic association serving multiple countries was the International Coffee Organization (ICO). The United States rejoined the ICO 2004 in hopes of fostering sustainability and competition across countries and the industry. The United States works with the Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua, among others, as part of this organization. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS. Changing relationships between the United States and other countries may alter the ability of firms to enter foreign markets. The United States estab lishment of trade relations with China in the 1970s created opportunities for many firms to begin marketing their products in China. The rise of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to power in Iran altered the lives of many Iranian citizens. Wine, vodka, music, and other forms of entertainment were prohibited. Black markets provided certain restricted items. Other products, such as wine, began to be produced at home. Anti-American sentiments throughout the country showed the hostility of many citizens. Non-American firms thus had an opportunity to capitalize on the anti-American sentiments and to provide goods and services formerly provided by U. S. firms. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES. In different countries, sometimes even within a country, there are substantial differences in attitudes, beliefs, motivation, morality, superstition, and perception, as well as other characteristics. Geert Hofstede (b. 1928) developed a model in which worldwide differences in culture are categorized according to five dimensions. These dimensions include: * Power distance—the degree of inequality among people which the population of a country considers normal. * Individualism vs. collectivism—the degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals or as members of a group. Masculinity vs. femininity—the degree to which values like assertiveness, performance, success, and competitiveness are used to guide decisions versus values like the quality of life, warm personal relationships, service, and solidarity. * Uncertainty avoidance—the degree to which citizens of a country prefer structured over unstructured situations, rigidity of procedures, or willingness to accept risk and potential failure. * Time orientation—the extent to which decisions are based on long-term orientation versus short-term orientation, past versus present versus future, and punctuality. Hofstede argues that U. S. management theories contain a number of idiosyncrasies that are n ot necessarily shared by managers in other cultures. Approaches to motivation and leadership, for example, differ widely throughout the world. Citizens of Japan tend to put greater importance on collective effort and working as a team member. Individual recognition is not desired. It is viewed as contradictory to being a good team member. Similarly, in other countries, high tax rates may make bonuses and other forms of monetary compensation less attractive and less motivating than in the United States. Hofstede argues that employees and products are more readily transferred between countries sharing similar cultures. The macroenvironment consists of forces that originate outside of an organization and generally cannot be altered by actions of the organization. Dimensions of the macroenvironment consist of sociocultural factors, technological factors, political-legal elements, economic factors, and international elements. A firm needs to study these elements of its environment, as th ey have the potential to affect how the organization should operate to attain and maintain its competitive advantage. Economy * GDP per capita * economic growth * unemployment rate * inflation rate * consumer and investor confidence * inventory levels * currency exchange rates * merchandise trade balance * financial and political health of trading partners * balance of payments * future trends [edit] Government * political climate amount of government activity * political stability and risk * government debt * budget deficit or surplus * corporate and personal tax rates * payroll taxes * import tariffs and quotas * export restrictions * restrictions on international financial flows edit] Legal * minimum wage laws * environmental protection laws * worker safety laws * union laws * copyright and patent laws * anti- monopoly laws * Sunday closing laws * municipal licences * laws that favour business investment [edit] Technology * efficiency of infrastructure, including: roads, ports, airports, rolling stock, hospitals, education, healthcare, communication, etc. * industrial productivity * new manufacturing processes * new products and services of competitors * new products and services of supply chain partners any new technology that could impact the company * cost and accessibility of electrical power [edit] Ecology * ecological concerns that affect the firms production processes * ecological concerns that affect customers buying habits * ecological concerns that affect customers perception of the company or product [edit] Socio-cultural * demographic factors such as: o population size and distribution o age distribution o education levels o income levels o ethnic origins o religious affiliations * attitudes towards: o materialism, capitalism, free enterprise individualism, role of family, role of government, collectivism o role of church and religion o consumerism o environmentalism o importance of work, pride of accomplishment * cultural structures including: o diet and nutrition o housing conditions GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT:- It is very natural that every business industries in the world want to grow rapidly with minimal cost of producing product services. To achieve the quality in the minimum cost is very easy by adopting the latest trends prevailing in the business world, outsourcing the work is one of the heapest mode to save money as well as precious time. World business is consist of large number of big companies as well short medium scale industries and all needs to grow faster, in order to get the quality work done in the low costs they use to have the advantageous services of the offshore development centers. Offshore development centers has become today’s most revenue generating concepts for outsourcing firms of the modern business world as they are providing cheap IT services such as software development and other web related services. Offshore development centers are the source of complete set of ready made quali fied professionals to work as per requirements of the outsourcing firm. Customized services at low cost is one of the property of offshore centers for becoming most popular concept of global business as well as offshore development centers are working for almost all the industries of the business world such as Banking Finance, Retail, Travel, HR and manufacturing etc. Reason for the popularity in the rapid pace is matching approaches of the both the involved entities in the business. Out sourcing firms use to get skilled professionals according to the process of their business and on the other hand development centers use to get good price for the quality work. Well equipped with suitable technology devices and advanced infrastructure in the development centers are one of the strong reason for the attraction of the outsourcing firms. There are multiple facilities provided by the offshore companies to the outsourcing firms such as internet marketing and SEO SEM services as well as variety of supportive IT services. Offshore companies or centers has become popular among well settled outsourcing firms as well those firms who are at initialization phase of their development, provision of the customized IT services for the integration of the new advanced IT concepts in the existing business as well as all the asked IT services for the newly set businesses by the offshore centers. Team of Qualified and talented professionals with compatible abilities with business nature and perfect coordination with changing business environment of the business industries of the world. There are an number of offshore centers are available in the different parts of the world providing the IT services to the outsourcing firms, these firms use these offshore centers according to their best suitable conditions. To fulfill all the requirements of the outsourcing firms, offshore companies have opened their various offices at distinct parts of the world to provide the customized service s to their clients. Both the involved entities are serving each other to achieve the maximum level of profits as well as raising the standards of the global business world.

Rights and Responsibilities Free Essays

When I think of America, I think of freedom and citizenship. The right to vote, or the right to freely speak are things that we, as citizens, posses. We as citizens have rights, and then we have responsibilites. We will write a custom essay sample on Rights and Responsibilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Citizens are expected to know and understand the rules that the government has presented to us, and abide by these rules for our freedom. In 1791, the Constitution of the United States was amended and we were given the ten amendments, which is also known as the Bill of Rights, to protect our freedoms. The Bill of Rights is a list of the rights citizens have and value. The purpose of the bill is to protext against any infringement from the government, so the citizens can live in a free nation and have control over their communities and lives. As citizens we should know what the government is doing and to voice your opinion when we feel strongly about something the government has done or has failed to do. Being informed also means knowing your rights and exercising them when you feel it is necessary. Voting is one of your most important responsibilities as a citizen. By doing so you exercise your right of self-government. When you vote you are choosing the people that are going to run our government. Taking the responsibility to vote ensures that leadership is changed in an orderly manner. Another responsibility we as Americans have is to participate in the community and govrnment, if we had no one to run our country it would be pretty caotic, and if no one would ever speak out, no problems in the community would get solved. If we have people involved in the community its more likely to be well run. To enjoy your rights to the fullest, you must be prepared to respect other people’s rights as well. For example, as a hairdresser, you are taught to only ask certain questions so that way you don’t offend anyone. Of if you live in an area with a lot of neighbors, be respectful and keep the volume on your television down, or on your stereo. You should expect they would do the same for you. Also you have the responsibility to show respect to the public, and the publics property. For example, a lot of kids write on the picnic tables at the beach, and that is vandalism, they have yet to be caught so they haven’t learned but thats disrespectful to the other people that come to sit there and eat. Especially when they write or draw innapropriate things. How to cite Rights and Responsibilities, Essay examples

Teen Pregnancy Essays (900 words) - Midwifery, Adolescence

Teen Pregnancy You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutes seem like forever. All of the sudden you see a "+." You're 15 and pregnant. What are you going to do now? Jessica Inhoff, a junior at Grant, tells us what she did when she found out she was pregnant with her son last year. She said that she was overly surprised and didn't know what to do. She didn't want to have to be there when her parents found out, so she just left a note on the table and went to work. Luckily for her, her parents were remarkably supportive, and still help her out as much as they can with her son. Her mother watches Kyle every day while she is at school, and will baby-sit one night a week, so Jessica can go out and still be a kid. According to the Oregon Health Division, during 1997 in Multnomah County, 654 girls between the ages of 10 and 17 got pregnant and kept their babies. Between 1974 and 1998 pregnancy for teens between the ages 15 and 19 increased by 200 percent. Also once the babies are born to teen mothers they are more than twice as likely to have a lower birth weight than those born to older mothers, which can cause major health risks. It makes babies more likely to die within the first 2 days of life. All those unwanted pregnancies among teens cost U.S. taxpayers almost 7 billion each year. One question you should ask yourself before you decide to have sex is; Am I ready to be a mother or a father? If you can answer yes to all the questions below, you are ready to go out Saturday night and decide by having sex with them, to tell your boyfriend/girlfriend, "Hey honey, I want us to have a baby!" 1. Could I handle a baby and a job at the same time? Would I have enough time and energy for both? 2. How would a child interfere with my growth and development? Would I finish school and would I be able to go to college and get the career I want while caring for a child? 3. Can I afford to support a child? Do I know how much it takes to raise a child? 4. Am I willing to give a great part of my life ? at least 18 years ? to being responsible for a child? And spend a large portion of my life concerned with my child's well being? 5. Do I like doing things with children? Do I enjoy activities that children can do? Do I like cleaning up children's messes and do I want to have a child around me 24-7? 6. What do I do when I get angry or upset? Would I take things out on my child if I lost my temper? 7. Could my partner and I give a child a good home? Is our relationship a happy and strong one? Do we want to have to be connected for the reast of our lives, until death do us part? As Leslie Clark, an alumnus from Grant, figured out, having a baby and being in high school is a hard job. She had to skip the last couple months of her senior year to have her baby, which put her behind a year and not able to graduate with her class. She had a hard time raising her son Allyn on her own for the first five years, but luckily after that she and Allyn's dad started dating again, and ended up getting married. Seventeen years have now passed, and she is a happily married certified public accountant. Jessica Inhoff is now experiencing the responsibilities of being a teen mother, which she says, are "endless." A normal day goes like this for Jessica; she gets up at 6, after being awake half the night (with her son's wake up calls at 12:30 and 3 A.M.), and goes to school. She goes through six rigorous classes and then leaves during seventh period to go home and take care of her son, so her mother can have a break from babysitting. For the next three hours she changes diapers, cleans up his messes, plays with him, and does her homework all at the same time. At 5P.M, she makes them dinner,

Barriers To Effective Planning †Business Paper

Barriers To Effective Planning – Business Paper Free Online Research Papers Barriers To Effective Planning Business Paper Cronje, Du Toit, Marais and Motlatla (2004:141 142) statement is that, â€Å"planning is the starting point of the management process. Planning is the fundamental element of management that predetermines what the business proposes to accomplish and how it intends in realizing its goals. In other words, planning involves those activities of management that determine the mission and goals of an organization, the ways in which these are to be accomplished, and the deployment of the necessary resources to realize them. In short planning entails a systematic and intelligent exposition of the direction a business organization must follow to accomplish predetermined goals. Planning encapsulates the following three dimensions: ? The determination dimension: The business must determine what it wants to achieve by a specific date in future. This means that goals have to be formulated that will serve as guidelines for the business and its various departments and sub-departments. ? The decision-making dimension: The goals determine the actions that are necessary, or the way in which they might be accomplished. ? The future dimension: A goal is something to be accomplished in the future. Planning establishes a connection between the things that have to be done now to bring about a certain situation in the future.† ? As a fundamental element of management, planning is not only the starting point of the management process, but in a sense also the point around which management activities revolves. The goals and the plans determine the type of organization needed, the leadership required, and the control to be exercised to steer the business as productively as possible towards its goals.† My own statement about planning: â€Å"Planning include the organizations objectives or goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive structure of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.† The focus on the first question will be to identify the barriers to effective planning and the measurements to overcome the barriers. First part: Identify barriers to effective planning: Stephen P. Robbins and David A. Decenzo (2004: 79 80) identify the following barriers to effective planning: ? â€Å"Planning may create rigidity: formal planning efforts can lock an organization into specific goals to be achieved within specific timetables. When these objectives were set, the assumption may have been made that the environment wouldn’t change during the time period the objectives cover. If that assumption is faulty, managers who follow a plan may have trouble. Rather than remaining flexible- and possibly scrapping the plan-managers who continue to do what is required to achieve the original objectives may not be able to cope with the changed environment. Forcing a course of action when the environment is fluid can be a recipe for disaster. ? Plans can’t be developed for a dynamic environment: Today most organizations face dynamic change in their environments. If a basic assumption in making plans-that the environment won’t change-is faulty, then how can one make plans? We describe today’s business environment as chaotic, by definition, that means random and unpredictable. Managing chaos and turning disasters into opportunities require flexibility, and that may mean not being tied to formal plans. ? Formal plans can’t replace intuition and creativity; Successful organizations are typically the result of someone’s vision, but these visions have a tendency to become formalized as they evolve. Formal efforts typically follow a methodology that includes a thorough investigation of the organization’s capabilities and opportunities and a mechanistic analysis that reduces the vision to a programmed routine. That can spell disaster for an organization. For instance, the rapid rise of Apple Computer in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s was attributed, in part, to the creativity and anticorporate attitudes of one of its co-founders, Steven Jobs. But as the company grew, Jobs felt a need for more formalized management, something he was uncomfortable performing. He hired a CEO, who ultimately ousted Jobs from his own company. With Job’s departure came increased organizational formality-the very thing Jobs despised because it hampered creativity . ? Formal planning reinforces success, which may lead to failure; we’ve been taught that success breeds success. That has been an American tradition. After all, if it’s broken, don’t fix it.Right? Well, maybe not! Success may, in fact, breed failure in an uncertain environment. It is hard to change or discard successful plans-to leave the comfort of what works for the anxiety of the unknown. Successful plans, however, may provide a false sense of security-generating more confidence than they deserve. Managers often won’t deliberately face that unknown until they are forced to do so by changes in the environment. But by then, it may be too late†. Second part: And discuss the measures to overcome such barriers: Cronje, Du Toit, Marais and Motlatla (2004: 141 142) Identify the following measurements to overcome the barriers: ? â€Å"Management should recognize the limitations of planning and understand that Plans will require adjustments on an ongoing basis (Cronje,et ,al,2004). With respect to the degree of variability, the greater the uncertainty, the more plans should be of the short-term variety. That is, if rapid or important technological, social, economic, legal, or other changes are taking place, well-defined and precisely chartered routes are more likely to hinder an organization’s performance than to aid it. Shorter-term plans allow for more flexibility. ? Management should ensure effective communication of organizational plans at all levels (Mancosa Business Management 101 guideline). Planning establishes coordinated effort. It gives direction to managers and non-managers alike. When all organizational members understand where the organization is going and what they must contribute to reach the objectives, they can begin to coordinate their activities thereby fostering cooperation and teamwork. ? Planning compels managers to look to the future. It eliminates crisis management by obliging future-oriented management to anticipate threats in the environment, and to take steps in time to avert them. By looking back over the past and forward to the future, management can organize the present so that the future will be as prosperous as possible. ? Planning ensures that business keep abreast of technology. The influence of modern technology on contemporary businesses, especially in the development of complex products using complicated processes, makes heavy demands on planning. It takes about ten years to develop a supersonic aircraft or a military helicopter. It is very expensive in both time and money to launch such a project, and proper planning is critical to its success. ? Planning promotes stability. Probably the most important single factor-even in smaller or less complex business-that makes planning indispensable is rapid change in the business environment. Indeed, strategic planning has its origins in the very instability that has been one of the main characteristics of the business environment since the 1960s. Planning, therefore, encourages proactive management. In other words, management plays an active part in the future of the business†. Research Papers on Barriers To Effective Planning - Business PaperThe Project Managment Office SystemLifes What IfsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Hockey GameResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

The Legend of the Fifth Sun

The Legend of the Fifth Sun The Aztec creation myth which describes how the world originated is called the Legend of the Fifth Sun. Several different versions of this myth exist because the stories were originally passed down by oral tradition, and also because the Aztecs adopted and modified gods and myths from other tribes that they met and conquered. According to the Aztec creation myth, the world of the Aztecs at the time of the Spanish colonization was the fifth era of a cycle of creation and destruction. They believed their world had been created and destroyed four times before. During each of the four previous cycles, different gods first governed the earth through a dominant element and then destroyed it. These worlds were called suns. During the 16th century- and the period in which we still live today- the Aztecs believed that they were living in the fifth sun, and it would also end in violence at the end of the calendrical cycle. In the Beginning In the beginning, according to Aztec mythology, the creator couple Tonacacihuatl and Tonacateuctli (also known as the god Ometeotl, who was both male and female) gave birth to four sons, the Tezcatlipocas of the East, North, South, and West. After 600 years, the sons began to create the universe, including the creation of cosmic time, called suns. These gods eventually created the world and all the other deities. After the world was created, the gods gave light to humans, but to do this, one of the gods had to sacrifice himself by leaping into a fire. Each subsequent sun was created by the personal sacrifice of at least one of the gods, and a key element of the story, like that of all Aztec culture, is that sacrifice is required to begin renewal. Four Cycles The first god to sacrifice himself was Tezcatlipoca, who leaped into the fire and started the First Sun, called 4 Tiger. This period was inhabited by giants who ate only acorns, and it came to an end when the giants were devoured by jaguars. The world lasted 676 years, or 13 52-year cycles according to the pan-Mesoamerican calendar.The Second Sun, or 4-Wind sun, was governed by Quetzalcoatl (also known as the White Tezcatlipoca), and the earth was populated by humans who ate only pià ±on nuts. Tezcatlipoca wanted to be Sun, and turned himself into a tiger and threw Quetzalcoatl off his throne. This world came to an end through catastrophic hurricanes and floods. The few survivors fled to the top of the trees and were transformed into monkeys. This world also lasted 676 years.The Third Sun, or 4-Rain Sun, was dominated by water: its ruling deity was the rain god Tlaloc and its people ate seeds that grew in the water. This world came to an end when the god Quetzalcoatl made it rain fi re and ashes. The survivors became turkeys, butterflies or dogs. Turkeys are called pipil-pipil in the Aztec language, meaning child or prince. This world ended in 7 cycles or 364 years. The Fourth Sun, the 4-Water sun, was governed by the goddess Chalchiuthlicue, sister and wife of Tlaloc. The people ate maize. A great flood marked the end of this world, and all the people were transformed into fish. The 4 Water Sun lasted for 676 years. Creating the Fifth Sun At the end of the fourth sun, the gods gathered at Teotihuacan to decide who had to sacrifice him/herself for the new world to begin. The god Huehuetà ©otl, the old fire god, started a sacrificial bonfire, but none of the most important gods wanted to jump into the flames. The rich and proud god Tecuciztecatl Lord of the Snails hesitated and during that hesitation, the humble and poor Nanahuatzin the Pimply or Scabby One leaped into the flames and became the new sun. Tecuciztecatl jumped in after him and became a second sun. The gods realized that two suns would overwhelm the world, so they threw a rabbit at Tecuciztecal, and it became the moon- that is why you can still see the rabbit in the moon today. The two celestial bodies were set in motion by Ehecatl, the god of the wind, who fiercely and violently blew the sun into motion. The Fifth Sun The Fifth Sun (called 4-Movement) is ruled by Tonatiuh, the sun god. This fifth sun is characterized by the sign Ollin, which means movement. According to Aztec beliefs, this indicated that this world would come to an end through earthquakes, and all the people will be eaten by sky monsters. The Aztecs considered themselves â€Å"the People of the Sun† and therefore their duty was to nourish the Sun god through blood offerings and sacrifices. Failure to do this would cause the end of their world and the disappearance of the sun from the sky. A version of this myth is recorded on the famous Aztec Calendar Stone, a colossal stone sculpture whose images referred to one version of this creation tale linked to Aztec history. The New Fire Ceremony At the end of each 52-year cycle, the Aztec priests carried out the New Fire ceremony, or binding of the years. The myth of the Five Suns predicted the end of a calendar cycle, but it was not known which cycle would be the last one. The Aztec people would clean their houses, discarding all household idols, cooking pots, clothing, and mats. During the last five days, fires were extinguished, and the people climbed on their roofs to await the fate of the world. On the last day of the calendar cycle, the priests would climb the Star Mountain, today known in Spanish as Cerro de la Estrella, and watch the rise of the Pleiades to ensure it followed its normal path. A fire drill was placed on the heart of a sacrificial victim: if the fire could not be lit, the myth said, the sun would be destroyed forever. The successful fire was then brought to Tenochtitlan to relight hearths throughout the city. According to the Spanish chronicler Bernardo Sahagun, the New Fire ceremony was conducted every 52 years in villages throughout the Aztec world. Updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources: Adams REW. 1991. Prehistoric Mesoamerica. Third Edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Read KA. 1986. The Fleeting Moment: Cosmogony, Eschatology, and Ethics in Aztec Religion and Society. The Journal of Religious Ethics 14(1):113-138.Smith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Taube KA. 1993. Aztec and Maya Myths. Fourth Edition. Austin: University of Texas Press.Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005. The Aztecs. New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO Inc.

LOREAL BUILDING A GLOBAL COSMETIC BRAND. Pages 644- 651 of your main Case Study

LOREAL BUILDING A GLOBAL COSMETIC BRAND. Pages 644- 651 of your main text Ghauri and Cateora text book (2010) - Case Study Example the formula on his own and selling it to the hair dressers, until 1909 when he established a full-fledged company that started manufacturing the product, under the name of Cheveux. It continued the business still in small scale, using the assistance of three-in-house based chemists (Ghauri & Cateora, 2010 p644). By 1920, the company had expanded its production of the products, and now started selling its products to other countries, such as Italy, Holland and Australia. The company initially depended on print advertisement, where Schuelter, enlisted the services of a well experienced graphic designers to make advertising posters for the company. With further growth of the business, the need for a different strategy of advertising arose, and Schuelter, established a women magazine as the basis of advertising the company’s product which were targeting women in 1933 (Ghauri & Cateora, 2010 p644). This strategy was followed by other promotional strategies such as creating a campaign for cleaning children using the company’s Dop Shampoo product in 1937, and then went ahead and created a jingle for the campaign that emerged as one of the most famous jingles of the time. The company eventually changed its name in 1940, and established the company name after one of its popular products, L’Aureole, to brand the company its current name, LOreal (Ghauri & Cateora, 2010 p644). LOreal pioneered the advertisement of its products through film commercials that were developed in theaters in the 1950 and in 1973, the ownership of the company changed hands, with 50% of the company’s stock being sold to a personal c are products manufacturing company, Gesparal, which eventually sold its stock to Nestle, while the rest half of the stock shares were traded to the public (Ghauri & Cateora, 2010 p644). Nestle received 49% of the shares, while the daughter of the owner and founder of the company retained a 51% stake in the company’s ownership. Critically comment on LOreal’s

Write a brief communication describing the link and career skills info Essay

Write a brief communication describing the link and career skills info you learn from it - Essay Example By demonstrating his points via illustrations which exhibit comparative analysis between textual presentation and graphics, Parkinson engages the reader to differentiate the consequence of viewing from the outcome of reading in terms of immediate reaction formed. Learning how visuals work based on Parkinson’s research, I suppose that one career skill a professional worker can obtain from it is the potential to improve technical presentations where images may be organized for ease of understanding and amusement. This enables the presenting individual to express ideas more effectively and gain the opportunity to close deals with certain leads. With less talk and an adequate quantity of colorful yet coherent graphs and figures, prospects become further interested in conferences due to better comprehension of the matters being discussed. Thus, since nonverbal communication occurs particularly appealing and comprehensive, the skilled worker can take advantage of enhancing his performance without much use of language. Instead, one can make the most of demonstrative tools as perceived through personality, attitude, creative ability, or any character trait that appears immediately noticeable to others in the

Delay In The Malaysian Construction Industry Construction Essay

Delay In The Malaysian Construction Industry Construction Essay In Malaysian construction industry, delay is a problem that commonly happens during the construction stage. Delay is meaning that, construction work cannot complete within the period which stated in the contract document or part of the works run out from the planning schedule. Project delays due to eight groups such as client, consultant and contractor, just to name a few here. The main objective of this study is to identify the causes of delays, effects of delays, method of minimizing of construction delays in the Malaysian construction industry. This study was carried out based on the literature review, questionnaire design, and personal interview. With referring to the literature review, the author found out thirty eight (38) factors that are related to delays due to eight main groups which including client, consultant, contractor, material, labor, equipment, financial and external environment. Besides the causes mentioned, six types of effects and twenty three (23) types of methods of minimizing construction delays were also identified from the research. The questionnaire was distributed to those respondents from developer, contractor and consultant firms (engineer/ designer). For personal interview, it was done with two directors and one post-contract manager from different construction firms. The objectives of this study have been successfully achieve d. From the data collected, there are some most contributing factors including change of orders, poor site management and supervisor, poor design and delays in design due to the client, consultant and contractor related to delays. Besides, shortage of skill labor, shortage of construction material, frequent equipment breakdown, clients difficulties and unforeseen ground condition are also common factors from another five groups related to delays. Time overrun and cost overrun are the common effects in the Malaysian construction industry. On the other hand, method of minimizing of construction delays has been identified that more effective which consists competent project manager, ensure adequate and available source of financial until the project completion, multidisciplinary/ competent project team, complete and proper design at the right time and also proper project planning and scheduling. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Working Title causes and effects of delay in the Malaysian construction industry 1.2 Problem Statement In the construction industry, projects can be delayed among large number of causes. There are different type and groups of delays found on construction projects. Delay has major effects on completion cost and time of construction project. Delays can be minimized if they were identifying causes. Knowing the cause of any particular delay in a construction project would help avoiding the same. Even though with different types of studies have been carried out to identify the factors influence the causes of delays, since the problems are quite related to the studies need to focus on specific geographical area, or region in Malaysia. A major appreciation of the Malaysia construction industry is due to the growing rate of delays in project delivery. In Malaysia most public work projects, including any construction projects under government authority or under privacy are awarded on a competitive basis using the traditional approach. The consultants and contractors are engaged in separate contracts. The contractors commonly would be involved until the whole project have been completed 1.3 Aim and objective of study 1.3.1 Aim To investigate delays pertaining in construction projects in Malaysia 1.3.2 Objective To identify the major causes of delays in construction project; To identify the effects of delays in construction project; and To identify the methods of minimizing construction delays. 1.4 Background of the study Construction delay is major problems frequent occur in the construction industry. Delays adversely impact on project stakeholders including owners, design professionals, construction professionals, purchaser and others. The main objectives of construction projects are cost, time, quality and safety numerous They have mentioned the most important causes in large building construction projects in Saudi Arabia which included approval of shop drawings, delays in payment to contractors and the resulting cash problems during construction, design changes, conflict in work schedules of subcontractors, slow decision making and executive bureaucracy in owners organizations, design errors, labor shortage and inadequate labor skill. (Assaf, et al, 1995) Refer to causes of delay in Saudi Arabia, the major parties to lead the delay happen which include client and contractor. Because of client always change the design of building. Besides that, late responds and poor project management team and also delay pay month payment to the contractor by client. On the other hand, contactor due to not enough worker during work progress and some argument with sub-contractor. They have studied the delays in building project in Thailand, as an example of problem faced by the developing economies. They concluded that the problems of the construction industry in developing economies can be nested in three layers: problem of shortages or inadequacies in industry infrastructure, mainly supply of resources; problems caused by clients and consultants; and problems caused by incompetence of contractors. (Ogunlana, et al, 1996) Construction in Thailand because some parties fault due to project delay such as contractor consultant and. During construction stage the client because of changing certain part of design and lack of experience could not solve the problem immediately. Besides client, designer is one of the parties because of own fault which is give unclear drawing to the contractor due to lack in experience. On the hand, the other parties which is contractor because of facing in poor management team, improper planning and scheduling and also inadequacy of s ite inspection. They have surveyed and classified the causes of construction delays in Hongkong as seen by clients, contractor and consultants, and examined the factors affecting productivity. The results of their research indicate that the five principal and common causes of delays are: poor site management and supervision; unforeseen ground condition; low speed of decision making involving all projects team; client initiated variations; and necessary variation of works.(Chan and Kumaraswamy 1996) Construction delay in Hongkong, the parties related to delay project include client, consultants, contractor and some relevant party. Factor to related delay by client such as client frequent delay make payment to contractor and also suffer in financial problem. Besides client, designer because of lack of experience always make mistake in drawing and late process design document. On the other hand, factor to cause contractor delay project which include lack of experience in project team and also poor site management and supervisions. Other than that, material is also one of the causes. During construction stages, material shortage and material changes to cause project delay. Identified the effects of delays in construction projects have been undertaken by some researchers. They have identified the six effects of delays were time overrun, cost overrun, dispute, arbitration, total abandonment, and litigation. The results of their studied about the effects of construction delays on project delivery in Nigerian construction industry, shows time overrun and cost overrun were the frequent effects of delays in construction projects.(AIbinu and Jagboro, 2002) In construction industry, the effect of project delay because of time and cost overrun. In this situation, some of the faults parties need to take responsibility to pay the loss and expense to those parties suffer in damage. Several studies have been studied and recommended the methods of minimizing delays in construction projects. They have identified five critical success factors could be applied to reduce the effects of delays includes: competent project manager; adequate funding until project completion; multidisciplinary/competent project team; commitment to projects; and availability of resources. (Nguyen, et al, 2004) To minimizing the project delay during the construction stage, first of all a client needs to hire an experience project manager. Once the problem of delay happen, the project manager can solve immediately. Besides that, the project team member should communicate with other team member. They have study also identified two methods to reduce or if possible eliminate time overrun were acceleration of site activities, and contingency allowance. (Aibinu and Jagboro, 2002) The contractor must take full responsibility during work progress. Once contractor found out actual work progress are not similar with estimate and he must take some action to avoid the project delay such as involve some additional worker. They have recommended four methods includes: developing human resources in the construction industry through proper training and classification of craftsman; adopting a new approach to contract award procedure by giving less weight to prices and more weight to the capabilities and past performance of contractors; and adopting new approaches to contracting, such as design-build and construction management (CM) type of contracts. (Odeh and Battaineh , 2002) 1.5 Scope of the Study The scope of the research will focus on literature review and a questionnaire. Projects investigate in this research included school building, church, office, hospital, communication facilities and etc. The survey will conduct in Malaysia. The questionnaire survey will design based on factors identify from literature review that contributed to causes of delays, effects of delays and methods to minimize delays. A questionnaire will developed to assess the perceptions of contractors and consultants of the relative importance of the causes and the effects of construction delays. The developed survey questionnaire will distributed to the target respondent in Malaysia 1.6 Outline methodology Stage 1: Literature review The review of literature has provided useful information based on the causes, effects, reactions and possible solution related to the issues delay project in construction industries. Stage 2: Pilot study Data collection will take the form of a structured postal questionnaire. However, an initial pilot study will be conducted to test the validity of the questionnaire through in-depth interviews with three contract manager. Stage 3: Main survey questionnaire and questionnaire go through with interview. The feedback from the pilot study should assist in finalizing the questionnaire and prepare the ground for main survey. The questions with centre around the areas mentioned in the above objectives. In order to obtain a high level of response, a multi-option format will be designed and limited to about 30 question and 10 questions which are go through with interview. Open questions are considered to be inappropriate as they would required the respondents to formulate an answer which needs lengthier input and will therefore be more difficult to analyze. Stage 4: Analyzing the postal and interview questionnaire This stage is analysis of the questionnaire to determine the level of agreement or disagreement by the respondents to each question within the questionnaire by counting the number of respondents who answer favorably or unfavorably. Besides that, analyze the questions which is done by interview to determine how the contractor to solve the delaying problem of project. Stage 5: Writing the research report The stage involves writing up the content of the dissertation and should cover the chapter proposed in the following section. Proposed contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literature review Chapter 3 Research Methodology Chapter 4 Data Analyze Chapter 5 Discussion Chapter 6 Conclusion

Sophie’s World

Philosophy 101 Mr. Trembley While reading Sophie’s World Jostein Gaarder identifies and tackles large philosophical questions. Using Sophie as the â€Å"fresh† child mind, Gaarder attempts to portray how a young mind would react to large philosophical questions. By the time I got to page 13 in the text, I noticed that the major philosophical questions were simply stated by the mysterious teacher of Sophie. One major question that Sophie asks and tries to answer is â€Å"who are you? At first, on page 3, Sophie blatantly focuses on the physicality of the question. She is the girl staring back at her self-reflected image on the mirror. She then concluded by saying â€Å"you are me,† and â€Å"I am you,† to her mirror image. Once again, it was a very obvious and physical truth in regards to who she was. However, by page 7 she takes a more philosophical approach and understands that there are many levels after she ponders about it more. After pondering, she e ssentially concludes that the questions are riddles.Yet, coming from narrator verbatim, â€Å"For the first time in her life she felt it wasn’t right to live in the world without at least inquiring where it came from. † She went from a mentality of specific perspective to understanding the general concept that finding a philosophical answer isn’t the purpose†¦but pondering and asking questions about who she was and where the world came from was more beneficial. In my perspective, the acknowledgement of these philosophical questions is a massive step for Sophie.I definitely agree with Sophie because sometimes the questions are very annoying, because no one will really know the answers to the questions the teacher asked her. The narrator states on page 7 that the questions â€Å"jolted Sophie out of her everyday existence and suddenly brought her face to face with the great riddles of the universe. † I find this particularly interesting because to me t he questions asked by philosophers are not meant to be confusing, time wasting questions. Instead, the questions spark of wonder that leads to creative, varied perspectives on extremely large questions. Sophie’s World The book review that I will be doing is about the book Sophie’s World (Norweigan: Sofies verden), a 1991 novel written by Norwegian writer Jostein Gaarder. According to the book itself, Sophie’s World is Gaarder’s first book to appear in English because he is a Norweigan. . It was originally written in Norwegian and became a best seller in Norway. The novel was later translated into fifty-three languages, with over thirty million copies in print. It follows the events of Sophie Amundsen, a teenage girl living in Norway and Alberto Knox, a middle aged philosopher who introduces her to philosophical thinking and the history of philosophy. II. SUMMARY: Sophie Amundsen is fourteen years old when the book begins, living in Norway. She begins a strange correspondence course in philosophy. Every day, a letter comes to her mailbox that contains a few questions and then later in the day a package comes with some typed pages describing the ideas of a philosopher who dealt with the issues raised by the questions. Although at first she does not know, later on Sophie learns that Alberto Knox is the name of the philosopher who is teaching her. He sends her packages via his dog Hermes. Alberto first tells Sophie that philosophy is extremely relevant to life and that if we do not question and ponder our very existence we are not really living. Then he proceeds to go through the history of western philosophy. Alberto teaches Sophie about the ancient myths that people had in the days before they tried to come up with natural explanations for the processes in the world. Then she learns about the natural philosophers who were concerned with change. Next Alberto describes Democritus and the theory of indivisible atoms underlying all of nature as well as the concept of fate. At the same time as she takes the philosophy course, Sophie receives a strange postcard sent to Hilde Moller Knag, care of Sophie. The postcard is from Hilde's father and wishes Hilde happy birthday. Sophie is confused, and moreso when she finds a scarf with Hilde's name on it. She does not know what is happening but she is sure that Hilde and the philosophy course must somehow be connected. She learns about Socrates, who was wise enough to know that he knew nothing. Then Alberto ends her a video that shows him in present day Athens and somehow he seems to go back in time to ancient Athens. She learns about Plato and his world of ideas and then about Aristotle, who critiqued Plato, classified much of the natural world, and founded logic and our theory of concepts. Then, as Sophie's education continues, the Hilde situation begins to get more complicated. She finds many more postcards to Hilde, and some of them are even dated on June 15, the day of Sophie will turn 15. The problem is t hat June 15 is still over a month away. She discovers some of this with her best friend Joanna, and one of the postcards tells Hilde that one day she will meet Sophie and also mentions Joanna. Strange things are happening that the girls cannot figure out. Sophie's relationship with her mother becomes somewhat strained as she tries both to cover up the correspondence with Alberto and to practice her philosophical thinking on her mom. Meanwhile, Alberto teaches Sophie about Jesus and the meeting of Indo-European and Semitic culture. She learns about St. Augustine, St. Aquinas, and the christianization of Greek philosophy that occurred in the Middle Ages. By this time, Sophie has met Alberto and he begins hinting that the philosophy is about to get extremely relevant to the strange things that are happening to her. Sophie learns about the focus on humanity in the Renaissance and the extremes of the Baroque and then Alberto focuses on some key philosophers. Urgently, he teaches her about Descartes, who doubted, and by doing so knew at least that he could doubt. They move on to Spinoza as it becomes clear that Hilde's father has some awesome power over them. Then Sophie learns about the empiricists. Locke believed in natural rights and that everything we know is gained from experience. Hume, an important influence on Kant, showed that our actions are guided by feelings and warned against making laws based upon our experiences. But Berkeley is most important to Sophie because he suggested that perhaps our entire lives were inside the mind of God. And Alberto says that their lives are inside the mind of Albert Knag, Hilde's father. At this point the story switches to Hilde's point of view. On June 15, the day she turns fifteen, Hilde receives a birthday gift from her father entitled Sophie's World. She begins to read and is enthralled. We follow the rest of Sophie's story from Hilde's perspective. Hilde becomes certain that Sophie exists, that she is not just a character in a book. Alberto has a plan to escape Albert Knag's mind, and they must finish the philosophy course before that can happen. He teaches Sophie about the Enlightenment and its humane values and about Kant and his unification of empiricist and rationalist thought. Things in Sophie's life have become completely insane but she and Alberto know they must figure out a way to do something. It will have to occur on the night of June 15, when Hilde's father returns home. They learn about the world spirit of Romanticism, Hegel's dialectical view of history, and Kierkegaard's belief that the individual's existence is primary. Meanwhile, Hilde plans a surprise for her father on his return home. They rush through Marx, Darwin, Freud, and Sartre, desperate to come up with a plan to escape even though everything they do is known by Hilde's father. Then at the end of Sophie's World, the book that Hilde is reading, while at a party for Sophie on June 15, Alberto and Sophie disappear. Hilde's father comes home and they talk about the book, and Hilde is sure that Sophie exists somewhere. Meanwhile, Sophie and Alberto have a new existence as spirit—they have escaped from Albert Knag's mind but they are invisible to other people and can walk right through them. Sophie wants to try to interfere in the world of Hilde and her father, and at the end of the book she is learning how to do so. III. PROPER BOOK REVIEW: The day that this book was handed to me, I thought it was boring at all because it’s about philosophy. But then, when I started reading, I became interested and even more interested in the plot of the story in which Sophie Amundsen received a letter from an anonymous sender. I became to wonder who it came from. Did it come from a suitor or maybe from school? Those were just the things that came up to my mind while reading the first page of the book. When the questions were revealed, such as such as â€Å"Who are you? † and â€Å"Where did the world come from? , I myself were interested to know the answers too. It was like it was me who was in Sophie’s situation. It’s really funny how I became attached with the story though I don’t really read novels. As the story progresses, the reader becomes attached to Sophie and follows her on the quest for answers. We are reminded of the beauty in the genuine thirst for knowledge and f or answers that we often devalue as we get older. This book can be approached in different ways. It is on one hand the story of a few individual lives, and on the other a philosophy book. Seeing it only as the story of Sophie Amundsen brings little satisfaction, but regarding it only as a reference on philosophy does not fulfill its purpose. To me, its theme is an expression of people's propensity to become caught up in their daily lives and lose the desire to question. And though the characters seem two-dimensional at times, I viewed them as tools of the writer, commenting on what Gaarder saw in the world. The style of the novel is similar to a detective story which emphasizes Gaardner’s idea that philosophy’s search for answers to the fundamental questions of life is much like a detective’s investigation. Throughout the book, we are reminded that philosophy is not the pursuit of someone who has spare time to sit and ponder; rather, it is essential for every living, thinking human being. This novel is a great substitute for a boring philosophy book. Sophie’s World is probably the best way to learn about philosophy. Even more redeeming is the fictional portion of the novel, so although readers may grow bored and want to skip over the philosophy lesson bits, you'll still find yourself being pulled in enough to finish the entire lengthy book. Sophie’s world took me in a wild and crazy ride while also learning about the history of philosophy. I liked this book because it was never preachy and is not trying to force any grand idea down my throat. Instead it gave me a bunch of really good ideas and let me form my own philosophy and let me choose the ideas I wanted to believe. I also loved the crazy plot twists of the story. Just like when the story revealed that Sophie and Alberto Knox were just part of another story and when Hilde wanted to believe that Sophie and Alberto were real people as opposed to some characters in a book written for Hilde’s 15th birthday. I think it was great how the author just kept making the story weirder and weirder. First Sophie kept getting mysterious post cards, then they started popping up everywhere, then a banana said â€Å"Happy Birthday Hilde†, then the dog talked and when she found out she was in a book she started seeing Winnie the Pooh and Little Red Riding Hood. This book was just a bunch of jumbled insanity that kept my attention every step of the way. I absolutely loved it I think everybody on the planet should read this book. Personally I thought the philosophy lessons were boring, but Jostein Gaarder paints such a beautiful picture and story that Sophie's World truly is compelling.

An Inside Look At A Soldiers Life in the Vietnam War Essay

The emotional stress that most soldiers carry with them during times of war is due to their inexperience and age. The majority of men who fought in the Vietnam war ranged from ages early as eighteen to their early twenties. Among these men, were sons, spouses, friends, boyfriends, and students, who could not understand the thought of war, killing, or contend with their friends’ unexpected deaths. From the beginning of the story, O’Brien the author of â€Å"The Things They Carried† uses specific details and illustrations to show readers what the experience was like for the men during the Vietnam war. Among the many things that the men carry were guilt, fear, grief, and stress. Throughout the story O’Brien emphasizes the dreadful events that†¦show more content†¦While others such as Ted Lavender carried personal items like marijuana and tranquilizers to relax and calm himself down. While others carried a bible like Kiowa , who received the new test ament as a gift from his father. Some of the physical things the men carried were standard government issue, like a compress in case of emergencies such as fatal injuries and a poncho that can be used as a raincoat, groundsheet, or possibly a tent. Almost all the men carry a standard military issue M-16 assault rifle and several rounds of ammunition. While others carry grenade launchers, a pistol, bombs, explosive devices, bug spray, pocket knives, tobacco, cigarettes, can openers and gum. By listing these objects O’ Brien symbolizes the physical burdens the men carry. Despite the physical burdens, O’Brien also illustrates the emotional burdens or stress that each soldier undergoes while in combat. For example, in the story Henry Dobbins carries his girlfriend’s pantyhose with him throughout the war which symbolizes love and longing for one another through an atmosphere of comfort. Although Lieutenant Cross carries the maps, the compass and weapons much like t he others, he carries the responsibility for his men’s lives. The emotional burden that O’Brien encompasses throughout the story. Through these detailed illustrations O’Brien exhibits the physical andShow MoreRelatedFacing It By Yusef Komunyakaa1158 Words   |  5 PagesKomunyakaa, he himself is the one who is speaking, the poem is about his own life experience at the Vietnam Memorial. The way a person can tell if the own poet of the poem is the speaker is by the use of first person. In this case, the poet uses words like â€Å"I† and â€Å"I’m† that support the fact that he is the speaker. The Vietnam War was a Historical event taken place in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. 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The speaker show us this through character action, character description, dialogue andRead MoreThe Things They Carried Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular story and it is the experiences that he had regarding war that have drove him to write the this story. The book gives a clear depiction of the war in Vietnam by showing the horrors of war but there have been varying views regarding the question of whether the book is an antiwar or not. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to address this particular issue by addressing different views in regard to whether the book is an anti-war on not and this will be supported by specific incidences and