Dunkleosteus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dunkleosteus - Essay Example The living organisms in this classification include sharks, rays, chimearas, ray-finned fishes, and land vertebrates. The clade of Placodermi is now in extinction because of the incapacity of the organisms to survive. The Placoderm are characterized by the presence of dermal armor comprising of a head armor and thoracic armor. Their thoracic armor is distinct because the foremost dental plates forms a ring around the body and include one median dorsal plate (Janvier 3). The order Anthrodita is comprised of organisms in Placodermi which have movable joints between the armor surrounding the head and the body. The organisms belonging to this class is also distinct for their two sets of upper tooth plates, gnathal plates which are tuberculated, and large endocrinal postorbital process (Janvier 4). These structures allow the lower jaw to move down while the head shield also budge for a large opening. Together with their extinctions of these prehistoric armored fish, their primary characteristics of having armors which covers their entire head and some of their body.

Response Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Week 7 - Essay Example According to Gonzà ¡lez-Murphy (2013), page 3 of her book, Mexico usually demands respect towards its national who are in United States, which is no doubt a good gesture. However, when it comes to foreigners on its soil, they are not treated with respect. For example, the Mexican constitution forbids non-citizens employment rights, property rights and in other instances it is accused of not condoning human rights abuses on undocumented immigrants (Gonzà ¡lez-Murphy, 2013). Most notably, the children of illegal immigrants in Mexico are never granted citizenship like in the U.S. It is crucial to realize that a country cannot continue to lead if the immigrants it welcomes in its home do not contribute by a great margin to its development. While there are those illegal immigrants who make good use of their time and are extremely helpful to the economy, there are those who spend most of their time in criminal gangs. For example, According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) statistics on Crime committed by illegal immigrants, most of the warrants in Los Angeles belong to illegal immigrants (Camarota & Vaughan, 2009). The list is endless, based on the statistic reports from FBI (Camarota & Vaughan, 2009). This is a problem for not only the natives in America, but also for the legal immigrants because the legal immigrants also had a hard time while applying for citizenship in the U.S, and they also have to feed their families like the illegal immigrants. America should also learn from a third world country like Kenya. According to the Professor of International relations, Gil Loescher and James Milner (2013) a few years back, Kenya welcomed millions of refugees from the worn-torn Somalia. However, several years later the country is now grappling with terrorist militants. These militants are mostly illegal immigrants from

Oligopolistic Market Structures And Management Of Them Economics Essay

Oligopolistic Market Structures And Management Of Them Economics Essay One constructive approach of categorizing a market is by dividing it in terms of the number of firms on the supply side of the market and the buyers concentration on the demand side. Oligopoly represents one of the market structure where there are a very few firms on the supply side and a huge concentration of buyers on the demand side. As the buyers cannot affect the market conditions, they are going to adopt it as such and the supplier will be busy in anticipating the rival behavior. Oligopoly looms large in industries of steel, petroleum, automobiles etc. Many industries can operate geographically as oligopolies. For example banking in a small town operate as oligopoly since there will be one or two banks in the area and the residents will be forced to take their business to the local banks.( Friedman, 1983) Oligopoly a complex market structure Oligopoly is virtually a big business. Under this market structure, the rivalry takes on its worst form. Product innovations, aggressive advertising and innovative marketing tactics are frequently applied to outweigh each other. Oligopolistic market structures are the most difficult to analyze as they are highly interdependent and interwoven, where moves and countermoves are taken rapidly. For example a simple action by Ford may lead to a reaction by General Motors, which in turn cause a readjustment in Fords plan, thereby modifying GMs response and so on. So anything can happen anytime in oligopoly. There are few models that highlight oligopolistic behavior. They are: Cartels A case arises in monopoly when all the firms attempt to promote interdependence and they all mutually agree to set price and output. The firms through their mutual coordination try to create a giant monopoly. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an example of a cartel platform. Price leadership and Tacit Collusion It is an arrangement in which one or two firms make an arrangement of the pricing for the entire firm. Other firms are forced to follow the same price pattern although no such agreement exists in the industry. For example: In the infant formula industry, Abbot laboratories, Bristol Myers Squibb and American Home Products deliberately set their prices closer to each other to dominate the industry. The Kinked Demand Curve This model elaborates the stickiness in pricing in an oligopolistic structure. It has been hypothesized in this model that if for example, a firm X lowers its price in an oligopolistic market, the rival will be forced to lower its price to in order to avoid the loss of its market base. The demand curve dd is thus the relevant curve in case of a price reduction. dHowever, if the firm X goes for a price increase, then the case wont be the same. The rivals will not imitate this time, and would continue to enjoy the customer support as they would flee the firm X products. In this case the demand curve would be DD. The firm then tries to remain in a segment of the elastic demand curve between dd and DD. The true demand curve is represented by DAd, known as the kinked demand curve which silently points out the fact heads you lose, tails you lose (Baumol and Blinder, 2009) D A Price 8 (Competitors prices are fixed) 7 D d (Competitors respond to price changes) 0 Quantity per year 1,400 1,100 1,000 Game theory and the Oligopoly Game theory has been formulated to understand the behavior of the firms in an oligopolistic market structure that do not work on a collaborated output and pricing. The underlying assumption is that the large bossy firms are like players in a game of poker. They make the moves of lowering or increasing the price, to advertise or not to advertise, to discount and so on, based on their rivals move. Understanding the payoffs can put a firm in a better position to compete with its rival and be in a profit maximizing and rational position. For example the game between two coffee shops is illustrated as below: C:Documents and SettingsAnumDesktop4th assignmentUnderstanding Oligopoly Behavior a Game Theory overview Economics in Plain English_filesgame-theory-1.jpeg Source: Welker, J. (2009).Understanding oligopoly behavior-A game theory overview. Available from: http://welkerswikinomics.com/blog/2009/12/15/understanding-oligopoly-behavior-a-game-theory-overview// According to the above figure, both San Francisco coffee and Starbucks is following a dominant strategy. They are working up to maximize their outcome through advertising, ignoring what their competitor does. If S.F advertises, Starbucks earns profit ($12 vs. $10) through advertising. This means the pay offs are the same. Since both firms are enjoying profit through advertising they will do so, though the total profits are less in case when both are advertising, as compared to when they are not advertising. But such a condition would be a condition of instability, as to advertise is likely to be beneficial for both. So we say that advertise/advertise is Nash equilibrium, as at this stage none of the firm is going to change its strategy since it is bringing incentives to both (Jason Welker, 2009). Market failure due to Oligopoly Keeping in view the above theories that try to explain oligopolistic behavior, the market failure due to oligopoly can be attributed to various causes. Inefficiency, instability and indeterminacy brought about by oligopoly may result in a market crash. The firms supremacy is established as the capacity is established more and more, but little is produced in order to create artificial barrier to entry. The competitors compete on the basis of non pricing factors such as heavy advertising, which gives more hold up to the artificial barrier to entry. Prices are well above cost and price discrimination prevails. Some of the firms also engage in self-regulation to preserve their own profits and market share that further detoriate the situation (Grewal and Kumnick, 2006). Oligopolistic firms output and prices substantially differ from what is socially accepted from them. It is also believed that the misleading advertisement by the large firms also deludes the consumers and compels them to b uy products that they do not want. They impose political and economic power and hover over the mind of the consumers working like an invisible hand. Market Form Number of firms in the market Frequency in Reality Entry Barriers Public Interest Results Long Run Profit Equilibrium Conditions Oligopoly Few Produces Large share of GDP Varies Varies Varies Varies Source: Economics: Principles and Policy By William J. Baumol, Alan S. Blinder MC=MR applies for a profit maximizing firm, under equilibrium. However, in oligopoly, MC is usually unequal to MR mainly because in oligopoly the firms are seeking to adopt strategies in accordance with the game theory, or they look for techniques such as increasing sales for profit maximization as their ultimate goal. Conclusion In a perfectly competitive market place the behavior of the firms automatically lead to a maximization of consumer benefits through an efficient allocation of resources. In oligopoly however, resource allocation is usually is not well set, more focused is paid on restricting output in an attempt to maneuver prices and profits. In an oligopoly everything is possible, can happen anytime anywhere, so the economists are still unable to clearly predict its behavior. Besides, its ability to lead the market down, some economists are of the belief that oligopoly has made a significant contribution towards the economic growth in the past two decades resulting in an increase in the average income of the rich countries.(Baumol and Blinder, 2009). Question two What are the implications for management of businesses in such structures? Introduction Oligopoly is a market characterized by a few firms. Managers of a firm in such a structure know that their firm enjoys a market power. But the other players have their share of power too. If the managers take the right course of action, properly assessing the behavior of their rivals in the industry, they are likely to make a profit. Strategic behavior Strategic behavior refers to the firms ability of proper consideration of their market power and awareness of their rivals move. Strategic behavior occurs in oligopolistic structures where there is less product differentiation and a competitive industry exists (Taylor and Weerapana, 2009) Implication for the managers The most important implication for the managers regarding oligopoly is the pricing practice on the basis of mutual interdependence. In case of monopoly, the absence of competition enables the managers to follow the MR=MC role to maximize its profit. However in Oligopoly, simply following the MR=MC isnt just enough. Example Consider, for example the case of Proctor and Gamble, where the manager hires a consultant for the thorough analysis of the cost, structure and demand. After a detailed analysis of the structure of the body soap products, the manager follows the MC=MR rule and set the retail price at $1.99.In a sudden move, the competitors Colgate-Palmolive , Lever brothers etc set the price of the comparable product 10 to 15 below to that of proctor and gamble. What the manager is likely to do? Either he can go for advertising and heavy promotion to compete against the lower prices of the competitors or can lower its prices down. Or he can simple do nothing if he is confident enough of the strong loyalty that his brand enjoys among consumers. The point is that, that pricing in oligopolistic structure cannot be done without taking into account your competitor. This is the essence of mutual interdependence (Young and McAuley,1994) The second implication for the managers is to understand that it can be extremely difficult to make money in a competitive market. Firms are required to be as much cost efficient as possible because they cannot control the prices. The managers are supposed to be vigilant enough to be able to spot opportunities and enter the market before the others could enter. They should be able to make their place before the demand gets high enough to support an above normal price. A situation could arise in oligopoly, where the managers in a firm become so successful in beating up the competition that the firm turns into a monopoly, or the one that can exercise monopolistic power. Such a case happened with IBM when In 1969, the firm dominated the computer market so much so, that the department of Justice had to issue an antitrust suit against it (Keat, Young and Benerjee, 2009) Global implication for managers The managers should keep in mind that the process of benchmarking in an oligopolistic structure strategy formulation should be done keeping in view both domestic as well as the global competitors. For example AT T communications not only took into account Northern telecom but also Siemens, Ericsson and NEC and Fujitsu. Many of the firms that refuse to take challenge from the foreign firms are likely to face consequences. Like many American firms got a serious blow from their Japanese competitors in the past 20 years. Companies like IBM and Caterpillar enjoys success because they established a strong hold in the Japanese market well before time. The oligopolistic structure also highlighted the importance of alliance for the managers. Alliances enable the firm to acquire technology from the rival firm. Whilst the acquisition of the technology can be a source of benefit for the firm, the firm giving up the technology can face causalities ( Yoffie,1993) Conclusion The managers of an oligopolistic market structure have to take into account several aspects in their decision making. The managers are plunged into complex pricing decision. They take into consideration the three Cs of Cost, customers and competition in their decision making. Price wars were common in an oligopolistic market, but they are becoming less frequent with the passage of time, mainly due to the realization of the managers. Managers have understood, through their bitter experiences, that the price wars are costly and do not bring any benefits. They chose to compete on the advertising and on product variations. So they have chosen not to compete on prices and have found for themselves a path of mutual advantage.

lord of the flies :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies Imagine yourself lost on an island with three other people you barely even know. In are eyes this is a scary feeling when all think about ever seening yourself in a situation like this. While unfortunely this can happen not to us but to somebody else. In the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding are numbers of boys who are under twelve years old stuck on an island after a plans crash. In the story there are four main characters name Ralph, Jack, Piggy, and Simon who are the oldest of the boys. On the island there are many conflicts. In the beginning Ralph was the leader and everyone had a job they were responsible and keep up until they were rescue. Many of the boys start to lack off especially Jack’s who was in charge of hunting. Ralph and Jack never saw eye to eye during the novel because Jack at the same wanted to be leader of his own tribe. Besides all the chaos within the group there are three major symbols that conch shell, Piggy’s glasses and the fire that ha d everyone’s attention and also savage each other on the island. Conch shell At the start of the novel Piggy and Ralph both discover this conch shell. The conch shell is the most powerful symbol on the island. The conch shell symbolized to bring the boys together to discuss their meetings on the island. At the meetings who ever has the conch shell in there hands they have the right to speak quote "We can't have everybody talking at once. We'll have to have 'Hands up' like at school."(page 33) With the to help the group hunt for food, build shelters, and find any empty areas were they can have a restroom at and to survive on the island. All boys had a jobs and they had to keep to up by Ralph’s orders. From the start all boys respect the conch and fellow the rules of the island accept for Jack who believe at the beginning he should the new leader and that Ralph was a weak leader. Later Jack begin to ignore Ralph’s orders and at ever meeting Jack always going against Ralph’s word and he eventually leaves the group. After Jack leave s the group Ralph slowly loses respect from another boys. Around this time Jack begin to start his own tribe, which made many of the boys seek away from Ralph’s camp.

Anatomy of Blood Cells Exercise 32

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEWS OF AN ARTERY AND OF A VEIN ARE SHOWN HERE. IDENTIFY EACH; ON THE LINES TO THE SIDES, NOTE THE STRUCTURAL DETAILS THAT ENABLED YOU TO MAKE THESE IDENTIFICATIONS: STRUCTURAL DETAILS: ARTERY: ROUND AND THICK VEIN: THIN AND SQUIGGLY 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA INTIMA INNERMOST TUNIC, THIN TUNIC OF CAPILLARIES 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA MEDIA ESPECIALLY THICK IN ELASTIC ARTERIES, CONTAINS SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIN 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA EXTERNA MOST SUPERFICIAL TUNIC, HAS A SMOOTH SURFACE TO DECREASE RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW 5 WHY ARE VALVES PRESENT IN VEINS BUT NOT IN ARTERIES? Veins need valves to create pressure to pump the blood to the heart. Blood flows away from the heart and, therefore, the pressure is not required. Helps against gravity. 6 NAME TWO EVENTS OCCURING WITHIN THE BODY THAT AID IN VENOUS RETURN. 1. Respiratory â€Å"Pump†. Pressure changes that occur in the thorax during breathing. 2. Muscular â€Å"Pump†. Contraction and Relaxation of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins 7 WHY ARE THE WALLS OF ARTERIES PROPERTIONATELY THICKER THAN THOSE OF THE CORRESPONDING VEINS? Because the blood is pumped directly into arteries so there is more pressure on the arteries 8 THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM HAS ONE OF THESE; THE VENOUS SYSTEM HAS TWO BRACHIOCEPHALIC 9 THESE ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM CORONARY 10 TWO PAIRED ARTERIES SERVING THE BRAIN EXTERNAL CAROTID, INTERNAL CAROTID 11 LONGEST VEIN IN THE LOWER LIMB GREAT SAPHENOUS 12 ARTERY ON THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT CHECKED AFTER LEG SURGERY DORSALIS PEDIS 13 SERVES THE POSTERIOR THIGH FEMORAL 14 Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard. I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness! 15 SUPPLIES THE DIAPHRAGM PHRENIC 16 FORMED BY THE UNION OF THE RADIAL AND ULNAR VEINS BRACHIAL 17 TWO SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE ARM BASILIC, CEPHALIC 18 ARTERY SERVING THE KIDNEY RENAL 19 VEINS DRAINING THE LIVER HEPATIC 20 ARTERY THAT SUPPLIES THE DISTAL HALF OF THE LARGE INTESTINE INFERIOR MESENTERIC 21 DRAINS THE PELVIC ORGANS INTERNAL ILIAC 22 WHAT THE EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY BECOMES ON ENTRY INTO THE THIGH DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH, FEMORAL 23 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE ARM SUBCLAVIAN 24 SUPPLIES MOST OF THE SMALL INTESTINE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC 25 JOIN TO FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA COMMON ILIAC 26 AN ARTERIAL TRUNK THAT HAS THREE MAJOR BRANCHES, WHICH RUN TO THE LIVER, SPLEEN, AND STOMACH CELIAC TRUNK 27 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE TISSUES EXTERNAL TO THE SKULL COMMON CAROTID 28 THREE VEINS SERVING THE LEG ANTERIOR TIBIAL, FIBULAR, POSTERIOR TIBIAL 29 ARTERY GENERALLY USED TO TAKE THE PULSE AT THE WRIST RADIAL 30 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE (CIRCLE OF WILLIS)? PROVIDES ALTERNATE PATHWAYS FOR BLOOD TO REACH BRAIN TISSUE IN THE CASE OF IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW IN THIS SYSTEM. 31 THE ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES ARISE FROM THE __1__ ARTERY. THEY SERVE THE __2__ OF THE BRAIN. 1. INTERNAL CAROTID 2 CEREBRUM 32 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A DROP OF BLOOD FROM THE AORTA TO THE LEFT OCCIPITAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN, NOTING ALL STRUCTURES THROUGH WHICH IT FLOWS? subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery 33 LABEL ARTERIES 34 LABEL ARTERIES 35 LABEL ARTERIES 36 LABEL ARTERIES 37 LABEL ARTERIES 38 LABEL ARTERIES 39 LABEL ARTERIES 40 LABEL ARTERIES 41 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A CARBON DIOXIDE GAS MOLECULE IN THE BLOOD FROM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BLOODSTREAM. NAME ALL STRUCTURES (VESSELS, HEART CHAMBERS, AND OTHERS) PASSED THROUGH EN ROUTE. RIGHT ATRIUM -> RIGHT VENTRICLE -> PULMONARY TRUNK -> RIGHT OR LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY -> LOBAR ARTERY -> PULMONARY CAPILLARY BEDS IN LUNGS -> AIR SACS OF LUNGS.

Influence of Religion on the Civil Rights Movement

Religion has had a profound effect on numerous events throughout the course of American history. The Civil Rights Movement was not withheld from the influence of religion, particularly Christianity and Islam. Many of the key players such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, who were devoted to the cause of justice and equality for African Americans, gained their passion from their spiritual roots. Through these religious leaders organizations were established to fight for civil rights. It was through these religious men and the religion of blacks that the fight for equality gained enthusiasm and courage to fight oppression and discrimination. Opposition also came from religion, however. Reverend Jerry Falwell and the white supremacists of the Ku Klux Klan, who fought against the Civil Rights Movement, based their justification for an inferior black race on their religious beliefs. The Civil Rights Movement, by the people and parties involved, was in itself a battle of beliefs. How is religion involved in the progression and initiation of the fight for equality for African Americans? Christianity, being the a religion active in the Civil Rights Movement, has aspects within its doctrine that encourages equality. It contributed in giving African Americans the passion and the support to continue on in the struggle despite its hardships. â€Å"‘I come to preach, to liberate them’†¦. The thrust of the Civil Rights Movement†¦was that God was on the side of the oppressed, the poor, the downtrodden, the outcast, the persecuted, the exploited. God is on the side of justice† (Williams 119). Those that believed in God also believed that this divine, powerful being was behind their every effort and would grant them victory in the battle for civil rights. They saw themselves as the persecuted and knew that their God would have compassion on them through their difficulty. Moreover, the Christian faith brought unity among African American because they saw others turning to faith for hope to gain equality and so they followed suit. â€Å"According to several respondents, religion engendered in them collective identities and meanings that imbued a sense of purpose† (Williams 113). It â€Å"inspired the construction of perspectives proclaiming, ‘people who were products of segregation must be viewed theologically as the poor, the handicapped, the downtrodden. And theologically we have a responsibility to use our faith—to not be afraid to confront the oppressor’† (Williams 113). Many Christians believed it was their duty and their way of showing obedience to God by fighting those who discriminated against them. Christianity was certainly a motivator and contributor to the Civil Rights Movement. It caused African Americans to not limit their movement to the potential of a human being. Instead, they gained hope in believing that something more powerful than them was working to give them equality. Despite the unity and empowerment that blacks received from their churches, white churches mostly existed in the background and never really urged their members to partake in the Civil Rights Movement. Rather, they sat back in a more comfortable position and consented to the Supreme Court’s decision to segregate. Integration, although it did occur, had a very slow progression in Caucasian churches and schools. Roman Catholicism was the first Christian sect to completely integrate their parochial schools (Mathisen 575). With Catholics and most other sects of Christianity, preachers gave sermons to white folks, many of whom favored segregation. If a pastor spoke out about the injustices of discrimination and encouraged civil rights, they might be removed from their position as a clergyman. Moreover, Ku Klux Klan members were mixed in their churches as well. â€Å"Much of the minister’s ardor is dampened when he returns to his flock though this is not to say that he bends completely to their will. It is not without significance that some fairly strong announcements have been made on the local level† (Mathisen 574,575). Based on their audience, white pastors had to weaken their sermons so that people would continue to attend their church and so they could maintain their job. Clearly, white Americans were not all opposed to integration. Rather, many of them just did not desire to sacrifice their lifestyle to help African Americans in their struggle for equality. Yet, this is not to say all Caucasians did not fight for civil rights, but the majority of them were not an active part of the movement. Such a religious force in America that did not partake in the struggle for civil rights held back some of the potential of the movement. The Ku Klux Klan, notorious for their brutality towards others, fought against the efforts of Civil Rights activists. Despite their ruthless behavior, the Ku Klux Klan had members in law enforcement and within the church. Members of this organization believed that only white Christian people should exist within America and that other races should be honored to be controlled by Caucasian Christians. If others, such as the African Americans in their fight for civil rights, tried to gain an equal status, then the KKK would use ruthless tactics to suppress them. They defended their violent acts against African Americans by referencing their faith. A member of the KKK was asked in an interview, â€Å"What is your explanation of why there have been so many National Police Agents [F. B. I.? ] involved in the case of the ‘missing civil rights workers’† (Mathisen 576)? The Ku Klux Klan member, knowing that the National Police Agents involved were in cooperation with the KKK, responded, â€Å"First I must correct you on your terms. Schwerner, Chaney and Goodman were not civil rights workers. They were Communist Revolutionaries, actively working to undermine and destroy Christian Civilization† (Mathisen 576). Later on in the interview the KKK affiliate declared that Lyndon B. Johnson, a president known for his support of the Civil Rights Movement, â€Å"is a communist sympathizer† (Mathisen 576). This member was clearly discussing the Civil Rights activists. He proclaims that they were tainting the Christian religion, which is why they were killed and are â€Å"missing. This notion brings up religion as a contributor to their own views against African Americans. â€Å"The KKK uses words from the Holy Bible and teachings from Protestant Reverends to support its cause and justify its actions† (Fisher 1). They truly rationalize their superiority complex and their brutality to blacks by the Christian faith. By using Christianity, they too obtained unity against the Civil Rights Movement. The Ku Klux Klan was not the only notorious adversary of civil rights. A prominent opponent of the fight for African American equality and was the Baptist minister, Jerry Falwell. Falwell was a strong supporter of segregation and believed that based on the bible, â€Å"Africans were the cursed descendants of Ham, and worthy only of subservience to white people† (Kimberley 1). In Genesis of the bible Ham was cursed by his father, Noah, for disrespecting him. Through this, Reverend Falwell believes that African Americans should not gain any standing in society. To him it is the natural place of blacks to be below the status of whites due to the actions of their ancestors (Kimberley 1). Due to this, his position on civil rights legislation is very ardently against it. He has been reported to have said that the Civil Right Movement is a ‘civil wrong’ (Kimberley 1). Clearly, religion was used on both sides of the spectrum as a means to rally for a cause. While it was used by blacks for their crusade, some whites relied on it as tool to keep segregation and maintain discrimination. Martin Luther King, Jr. is one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. It is through him and others like him that African Americans gained justice and equality. One of the motivators of this intelligent, talented orator is most certainly his faith. Before ever becoming a part of the battle for civil rights, King was a devoted Christian and minister of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (King 47). He, then, carried these beliefs into the Civil Rights Movement. â€Å"There comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the iron feet of oppression† (Kelley 463). King continues on in a freedom sermon, â€Å"I want say that we’re not here advocating violence†¦We have never done that†¦I want it to be known throughout Montgomery and throughout this nation that we are a Christian people†¦We believe in the Christian religion. We believe in the teachings of Jesus. The only weapon we have this evening is the weapon of protest† (Kelley 463). The reactions to these words were astounding. People identified with this idea and it gave them passion and courage to pursue equality. â€Å"All through that statement of religious identity the people shouted and applauded, moved with King, pressed him forward even as he urged them toward their own best possibilities† (Kelley 463,464). By their religious unity the Civil Rights Movement becomes undeniably contagious. As faith is mentioned, everyone joins in the excitement of the crowd and begin to trust that with numbers they can protest and achieve equality. Martin Luther King, Jr. ’s most famous speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† contains within it references to religion, faith, and hope. â€Å"And when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up the day when all of God’s children—black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestants —will be able to join hands and sing the words of the old negro spiritual, â€Å"Free at last, free at last; thank God Almighty, we are free at last† (Finkenbine 190). This speech, like many of his others, held within it the idea of nonviolence. King looked to an Indian leader named Mahatma Gandhi as a guide to his desire to resist violence in the Civil Rights Movement. Despite this, he always turned to the Bible as a source to defend this action. King puts it best when he said, ‘The spirit of passive resistance came to me from the Bible, from the teachings of Jesus. The technique came from Gandhi† (Kelley 468). Religion was certainly Martin Luther King, Jr. ’s driving force as he became a prominent leader of the movement. He used Christianity as a means to support his every action and without its inspiration he would not have had nearly as great an effect on the Civil Rights Movement. Through him, African Americans came together inspired to make a change to society and not stand for injustice. Another contributor to the Civil Rights Movement was a man known as Malcolm X. He, like numerous other African Americans, took to practicing the religion of Islam. Elijah Muhammad, a member of the Nation of Islam (NOI), influenced Malcolm X and many others into pursuing these beliefs (Kelley 478). Black Muslims viewed themselves in American society as â€Å"an isolated and unappreciated appendage† (Mathisen 576). Muhammad saw the black race as not wanted and believed that the only way to achieve peace in such a circumstance is to remove those that do not desire them. Moreover, he taught that white people belong in Europe and that, â€Å"there will be no peace until every man is in his own country† (Mathisen 576). Black Muslims stressed their own identity and black racial supremacy. They had little desire to integrate and would have rather made America their own Islamic nation. With such a heavy goal, they decided to become a part of the Civil Rights Movement and obtain the rights that they believed were due to them. Malcolm X was brought into the Nation of Islam and it became his inspiration to gain equal rights for African Americans. He actually, despite Elijah Muhammad’s influence, was the leader who made the Nation of Islam a prominent and powerful force in the United States. Unlike Martin Luther King, Jr. , Malcolm X believed in violence as a means for blacks to gain better standing in society. People looked to him as the militant, uncompromising man who would use violence when needed to scare whites into accepting their conditions. He too believed, as many black Muslims, that building black institutions and defending blacks was far more important than integrating into society. Through men like Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad, â€Å"the Nation of Islam attracted thousands of urban blacks to the disciplined life of abstinence, prayer, and black self-determination† (Kelley 478). Although their techniques were different in achieving civil rights for African Americans, this religion of Islam motivated people just like Christianity to fight for equality and justice. As religious leaders began to speak up and stand up against the prejudices that African Americans faced, organizations began to form to further the effectiveness of the struggle for civil rights. One such organization is Congress for Racial Equality, or CORE. This group, which organized direct nonviolent protests, branched off of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. The Fellowship of Reconciliation was a Christian pacifist group formed during World War I. They, like Martin Luther King, Jr. , believed in the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi and implemented Christian values into their approach (Kelley 450). The Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) focused on destroying legalized segregation, particularly on downtown stores and municipal facilities. Another association that sprung up out of religious roots is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). By 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. and several black ministers from the South came together to form this organization which was based on the â€Å"Montgomery experience† (Kelley 470). One of their major accomplishments during this time was that they held conferences and organized people, such as when a group of some twenty thousand people came together in Washington, D. C. to pray for civil rights legislation. The fact that a mass amount of people came to pray that day gave others in the church the inspiration to look beyond their own means and to see things occurring which have never before. This gave African Americans hope and led more of them to these gatherings since they know that their desire for justice can be heard. Religion had a major effect on the Civil Rights Movement. Even when it was on an individual level such as with Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, the effects of religion trickle down into the masses. Speech after speech, African Americans became inspired and empowered by them and began to believe in things beyond their own human capacity. Blacks turned to divine beings as a means to achieve equality and justice. Religion helped teach them to ignore the years of discrimination and damage to their self-esteem. It gave them the power to stand strong in the face of hurt and in the face of humiliation. Without religion, the Civil Rights Movement would not have had the unity, and hope that allowed it to continue on. At the same time, however, the enemies of the movement found their muse to keep segregation and discrimination. Religion was then used by them too as a means to protect their way of life and maintain the status over blacks that they had ingrained in them since the time of slavery. Religion had a mixed influence over the movement, but in the end African Americans would see the day when they gained those civil rights. They would see the day when blacks have equality under the law in America.

Leadership Hall Essay

Leadership Hall Essay Leadership Hall Essay The Issue: Mental Health on campus According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, - 1 in 3 college students suffers from depression - Over 50% report having below average or poor mental health - 30% point to school stress as the main cause of their mental health issues According to the Center for Disease Control, the principal causes of mental illness in college students are lack of sleep, lack of exercise, an imbalanced diet, and stress. Home-cooked Meals as a Hall The Issue: Cafeterias make it too easy to overindulge, and time constraints make â€Å"on-the-go† meals more appealing, in spite of the fact that these meals aren’t healthy. According to the CDC, working towards a balanced diet is one of the most important steps for a sound mental health. The Plan: - 2 meals as a hall a semester - Cook together in a communal kitchen space - Promotes healthy eating as well as bonding within the hall. The Green Initiative: The Issue: Countless studies have been conducted on the health benefits of plants and green spaces in living, work, and school environments. According to Psychology Today, studies have shown that plants in indoor spaces help lower blood pressure, improve reaction times, increase attentiveness, improve attendance (at work and school), raise productivity, lower anxiety, improve optimism, and improve memory and concentration. According to the University of Agriculture in Norway, indoor plants can reduce fatigue, coughs, sore throats, and other cold-related illnesses by more than 30 percent by increasing humidity levels and decreasing dust. Cornell University was so convinced of the mental benefits of green space that they installed grass into libraries and science buildings around campus to help lower

Beginning A Business Letter with First Person Singular

Beginning A Business Letter with First Person Singular Beginning A Business Letter with First Person Singular Beginning A Business Letter with First Person Singular By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about beginning a letter with the first person pronoun: I was taught never to begin a letter (business or personal) with the word â€Å"I.†Ã‚  This must certainly have to do with the mostly outdated concept of humility being a virtue.  However, I continue to believe that humility is a virtue and that the root cause of much evil is egocentrism.  This rule does cause me to rewrite the beginning of many letters to comply with this admonition.   Like the reader, I was also taught not to begin a letter with â€Å"I† and often find myself struggling to avoid doing so. I even go back and take out the first person pronoun in the body of a letter if there seem to be too many. Apparently many of us were taught this â€Å"rule,† but as far I can discover, it isn’t and never was a rule. I possess an assortment of grammar books and style guides with various publication dates. The closest thing to a rule that I’ve found is this comment from a text published in 1907: Free use may be made of the personal pronouns [in correspondence], even of the First Person Singular; though it is better not to begin many sentences with â€Å"I.† The best practice is to choose the first word of a business letter according to the purpose of the letter. A sales letter might appropriately begin with you, while a letter of application might benefit from beginning with I. A University of Washington letter-writing guide offers five sample application letters. Each one begins with the first person singular pronoun. The caveat against beginning a business letter with I belongs with those other cherished grammar superstitions like â€Å"never end a sentence with a preposition.† Writers can choose to avoid doing it when possible, but there’s no need to suffer pangs of guilt when we can’t think of an alternative. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadAwoken or Awakened?5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

An Investigation Into the Effect of Sucrose Concentration on Osmosis

Study of Sucrose Concentration to Penetration Objective: The purpose of my experiment was to study the effect of sucrose solution on potato cell penetration and equilibrium point. I will look at how the quality of potato chips will change with five different concentrations of glucose solution. Hypothesis: Invasion is the diffusion of water molecules from a high water potential through a partially permeable membrane to a lower water potential. The purpose of the investigation was to investigate the osmotic effect of the potato and to find its sucrose concentration. Regarding infiltration, it occurs in the cell membrane of potatoes. The cells in the potato are similar to the plant cells described earlier from the perspective of penetration. Therefore, I predict that if water is put in purified water, water will spread out in the potatoes. Furthermore, if water is added to the concentrated sucrose solution, I think that the water diffuses outside the potato. This is because potatoes are root crops, which absorb moisture on the ground, potato cells need to contain a large amount of moisture. Experiment objectives to study plant cell permeation The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the movement of plant cells that passed through the semipermeable membrane in different concentrations of sucrose solution and exited into the water. The experiment and the plant cells used were potatoes and radish tissues used as potato chips, as results and changes were easily recorded and thus recorded. Due to the different permeability of plant cell membranes, the expected results of radish and potato chips are different under the same conditions; this is one reason for two plant cells, not one plant cell. Another reason is to compare the results of the two plant cells and to compare the similarity between the specific results. essay.com/Biology A Practical Study on Penetration of Plant Cells (Radish and Potato Chips) Using Different Molar Sucrose Solution Biological study on the osmotic effect of different molar concentrations of sucrose solution on plant cells (radish and potato chips) Permeation is the diffusion of water molecules from the high concentration sucrose solution zone through the selectively permeable membrane to the low concentration sucrose solution zone. Water molecules move down the concentration gradient during permeation. Two illustrative illustrations of permeation are shown in FIG. 1, which shows the diffusion of water molecules from the high sucrose solution zone through the selectively permeable membrane to the low concentration sucrose solution zone. Figure 2 shows the concentration gradient where water molecules diffuse along the concentration gradient

Post industrial and information society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Post industrial and information society - Essay Example The transition from manufacturing industry to service sector and putting more emphasis in education in the current society can be described as an information and post industrial society. Information technology is currently employed in the service sector and in communication (Harvey, 1990, p.4). This can describe the present society as post industrial and information technology oriented. A number of countries around the globe are going through a period of information change as a result of post industrial society effects. The features of both post industrial and information societies describe well the current or the present society. But the concept of information society best describes the present society. This is because the present society is majorly characterized with the rapid change in information technology, use of information technology in provision of services and the use of information technology to improve communication from the traditional modes of communication. The post in dustrial society which emphasizes on education to improve the quality of life for humans makes use of information technology to achieve this goal. The post industrial and information societies are share close features. The current world can be described as a joint post industrial and information society. The transition from manufacturing production to service industry is largely aided by the development of information technology. This is part of information society. ... It is characterized by the rise of professionalism and scientists in special areas, and the transition from production of goods to service industry. The information society is a society which involves the establishment, sharing, diffusion, utilization and information manipulation as an important economic, cultural and political activity. Through the economic exploitation of comprehension, wealth is established. Information technology is the prime factor and central to the role of economic production to the society. The present society can be described as an information society in that; it highly embraces the use of information technology in a productive and creative way. The knowledge economy is a counterpart to information society in terms of economy. It involves the creation of wealth by exploitation of understanding economically (Webster, 2006, p. 3). The features which have been experienced in the current society indicate that humans are in a new era of society. The present infor mation society is characterized by information consciousness, advancement of the information sector, empowering information, using information as part of an economic resource, and development of an information industry. Information sector is developed in order to contain the need of information services and facilities by the society. Countries are developing their information sectors in order to keep with the pace of rapidly changing information market internationally. The information sector of several countries is facilitated with telecommunication networks and computers as part of their technological infrastructure (May, 2002, p. 5). To compare the two concepts of post industrial and information societies, there is a transition of the society

Categories of Legitimate Reservation Term Paper

Categories of Legitimate Reservation - Term Paper Example However, every scientific experiment needs validation. The Categories of Legitimate Reservation are those set of rules, which validate or invalidate the relationship and connection between facts, hypothesis and conclusions. Their roots particularly lie in Aristotle’s logical fallacies (Dettmer, 2007). Broadly speaking, the purpose of the categories of Legitimate Reservation includes testing the validity of the cause and effect trees (Dettmer, 2007). The paper shall attempt to describe the eight categories of Legitimate Reservation and the application of these categories. Lastly, it shall examine the relationship between these categories. The first rule of testing the logic of any cause and effect tree includes clarity. For many people, miscommunication can result in less clarity. If the listener does not comprehend the speaker or understand the importance of the statement of the speaker, then there is no mutual agreement upon a certain factor (Dettmer, Year). This category demands more explanation of a certain fact so that the hypothesis can be validated easily. Clarity reservation, therefore, requires further explanation of a certain thing (Goldratt-TOC Ltd EU Home, n.d). For example, if the statement is, ‘It is hot in this room’. The statement is unclear because there is no ‘cause’ of the ‘effect’ of the level of temperature in the room. Therefore, the sentence requires clarity. The cause would perhaps include ‘It is hot in this room because the air conditioner is not working’. This is a complete statement. The existence of the entity forms the second CLR. If a certain statement is not fully complete or structurally sound or at the face value does not seem valid to the listener, then the entire logic is wrong. Therefore, for an entity to exist, it has to be complete and grammatically sound. The term â€Å"economic growth† cannot exist on its own.  

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Book Review - Essay Example Huff then explicates how the reader can see through the smoke and to get to what really lies behind the mirror. "There is terror in numbers," writes Darrell Huff. His book aims to decipher the terror that lies beneath the world of averages, trends, graphs, and correlations. Huff sought to break through "the daze that follows the collision of statistics with the human mind.† The book remains relevant as an awakening for people unacquainted to delve deeper into the nonstop flow of numbers pouring from Madison Avenue, Wall Street, and everywhere else; where someone has a point to prove, a product to sell or an axe to grind. Darrell Huff investigates the breadth of every popularly used type of statistic, explores such things as the tabulation method, the interview technique, the sample study, or the way the outcomes are derived from the figures, and points up the infinite number of dodges which are used to deceive rather than inform. "The secret language of statistics, so appealing in a fact-minded culture, is employed to sensationalize, inflate, confuse, and oversimplify," warns Huff. On t he other hand, he said that we should not be terrorized by numbers. "The fact is that, despite its mathematical base, statistics is as much an art as it is a science." Synonymous to a lecturing father, he expects you to learn and ponder on something valuable from the book, and start applying it every day. Never be a sucker again, he cries! Seeing graphs illustrating numbers if properly done are very helpful in interpreting and analyzing data. And yet, truly deceiving if completed in a fishy fashion If you want to show statistical data, clearly and quickly. Draw a picture of it. When a graph is constructed with a y-axis that is numbered from 1 to 100 without skipping a unit, Huff explained, "Your ten percent looks like ten percent—an upward trend that is substantial but perhaps not overwhelming. That is very

Slavery and Paternalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Slavery and Paternalism - Essay Example The official system was also not a choice for slaves to rely on for aid as they had no official rights. Douglass stated his story when he was a slave. He declares many horrible acts committed by the slaveholders in Talbot County (his birthplace). Douglass declares that in Talbot County slaying or punishing a slave is not considered as unusual or offensive. He further explains the story of a slaveholder who kills two of his slaves and despite of his declaration of the two murders neither anyone put him in jail, nor taken any action against him. Douglass gave some more examples of such horrible deaths of slaves for their minor mistakes. He stated the story of his own cousin who was beaten harshly by a lady with an oak stick just because he fell asleep while watching the lady's child. Such harsh and horrible behavior and dreadful murder of a slave needed to be noticed and forwarded for some solution but this horrifying murder did not seem enough to take action against the lady. One more declaration was that an old slave of Colonel Lloyd was shot just because he encroached mistakenly onto private land. The killer visited Colonel Lloyd to clarify what occurred and the entire issue settled down. Douglass declares quiet repulsively and regretfully that 1"it was worth a half-cent to kill a 'nigger,' and a half-cent to bury one." Chapter 4, pg. 69 Douglass disagrees with the statement that the slaveholders take care of their slaves from their birth till their death and he also refused that slaves have any kind of freedom. As he declares, 2"The whisper that my master was my father, may or may not be true; and, true or false, it is of but little consequence to my purpose whilst the fact remains, in all its glaring odiousness, that slaveholders have ordained, and by law established, that the children of slave women shall in all cases follow the condition of their mothers; and this is done too obviously to administer to their own lusts, and make a gratification of their wicked desires profitable as well as pleasurable; for by this cunning arrangement, the slaveholder, in cases not a few, sustains to his slave the double relation of master and father." Chapter 1, pg. 49 Douglass stated the whole period of his slavery in pain and did not like the rules that were just in favor of the slaveholders. He wanted to escape from this disgraceful and terrible County where the slaves were not even considered as human beings. He hated the behaviors of slaveholders with their slaves. The statement of Douglass further points toward the cruelty and fear of the white men (slaveholders). 3"A single word from the white men was enough-against all our wishes, prayers, and entreaties-to sunder forever the dearest friends, dearest kindred, and strongest ties known to human beings." Chapter 8, pg. 90 To support his argument he gave many examples of murders committed by the masters and their cruelty even as a result of the minor mistakes. Colonel Lloyd had a lot of slaves that he does not recognize them all and they do not all recognize him. It is stated that one day as Colonel Lloyd was on a trip; he meets up a slave and inquires him about his master. As the slave answers that he belongs to Colonel Lloyd, he inquires the slave if his master takes care of him. The slave, unaware of

Apple inc. keeping the 'i' in innovation Case Study

Apple inc. keeping the 'i' in innovation - Case Study Example All its products have seen tremendous success in the recent decades. However the company focuses mainly on the niche market and is facing a tough time in the gaining revenue through sales of its products. The company although, is one of the top companies selling mobile phones and laptops, there is scope of further improvement in the business strategies of the company. Analysis of the internal environment of the company Strengths High tech products Apple is the pioneer in the production of innovative high tech products. Apple is the inventor and producer of iPhone, iPad, iPod and the Mac. Apple is one among the most admired brands in the whole world and holds the 6th position in the list of Fortune 500 companies (O'Keefe). Every new product launched by the company is awaited fervently. Last year (in 2012) the company had launched the iPhone 5 as well as the iPad mini, which saw tremendous success. It brought record sales for the company in the last quarter of the year and brought huge sales revenue (Akhtar). Charisma of former CEO Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was a charismatic visionary who had a strong admiration towards constant innovation and was a genius leader. Technology, according to Steve Jobs, was a means of enhancing communication among people and bringing them together. His personality attracted employees within the company and also fans among the external stakeholders. He had the capability to give a new shape to the perceptions of people; which at present stimulates their level of acceptance about the company’s products (Razin and Kark 241). Brand name Apple is a brand name that is globally recognized. This brand has a clear and distinct identity. Any good brand has four dimensions, such as, brand name, trademark, visual appearance and brand communication. All these dimensions can be recognized and identified with the brand Apple. This allows the brand to maintain its quality level at a high position, perform better than most other companies in the industry globally and embody those values that help the brand to win its customers’ admiration, respect and loyalty (Danciu 3). Large segment of loyal customers This brand success of Apple Inc. has not resulted from some luck factor or forces beyond the control of the company’s marketers or its leaders. Apple’s success is a part of its well-thought-out plan to attract customers. The plan is two-fold; the focus lies on innovation as well as marketing by keeping in minds the preferences of the customer and background of the market in which it makes the campaign. Therefore, a keystone of Apple’s plan is â€Å"to deliver ‘strong products’ and create an ‘Apple culture’† (â€Å"12 Effective Strategies Apple Uses to Create Loyal Customers†). These strategies help Apple to attract customers and achieve remarkable customer loyalty. Strong research and development department The amount of money spent on the research and devel opment division of Apple has been increased in 2012 from the previous year. The company believes that â€Å"focused investments in R&D are critical to its future growth and competitive position in the marketplace† (Lowensohn). The R&D of the company is directly related to the timely maturity of new products and enhancement of existing products. These are fundamental aspects of the core business strategy

Comparing and contrasting Adult Fans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing and contrasting Adult Fans - Essay Example That is why I call it an obsession with an activity/ even in ones life. Different people have different hobbies depending on a wide array of factors. While some love playing video games on their computers, others like listening to music, others still find reading romantic novels their most preferred activity and so on. Ask anyone what they do regularly in their lives and you will be fascinated at the varied answers you will receive, these are their hobbies. Several factors influence the liking of such hobbies in different people. Such include, social class, level of education, peer types, environment, age, sex, occupation, etc. Hobbies are mostly done during leisure hours, some people however find it necessary to allocate some time at least in between their core duties to fit in some time for their hobbies. To this extent therefore, we can argue that different people have different levels of fanaticism for different hobbies. In this paper, I will look at the various factors which inf luence the choice of hobbies in adult population of LEGO and bronies. Hobbies tend to change considerably from childhood to adulthood. Children seem to like playing while in the ages of between 2- 5 years. Playing different soft games which do not involve a lot of brain work such as computer games, biking, etc. depending on their social classes dominates their lives and forms their hobbies. These hobbies tend to be common to both boys and girls in the same cultural setting. Such hobbies however changes as the children grow into adulthood. At about 10 and 15 years the teenage boys and girls get interested in totally different activities in all cultural diversities of the world. Moreover, more changes occur above this age as the teenagers graduate to young adults. Several factors play jointly to facilitate these changes. Such factors are varied and include the changes in lifestyles and places of residents with new friends and environments which come about with totally different

Apple inc. keeping the 'i' in innovation Case Study

Apple inc. keeping the 'i' in innovation - Case Study Example All its products have seen tremendous success in the recent decades. However the company focuses mainly on the niche market and is facing a tough time in the gaining revenue through sales of its products. The company although, is one of the top companies selling mobile phones and laptops, there is scope of further improvement in the business strategies of the company. Analysis of the internal environment of the company Strengths High tech products Apple is the pioneer in the production of innovative high tech products. Apple is the inventor and producer of iPhone, iPad, iPod and the Mac. Apple is one among the most admired brands in the whole world and holds the 6th position in the list of Fortune 500 companies (O'Keefe). Every new product launched by the company is awaited fervently. Last year (in 2012) the company had launched the iPhone 5 as well as the iPad mini, which saw tremendous success. It brought record sales for the company in the last quarter of the year and brought huge sales revenue (Akhtar). Charisma of former CEO Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was a charismatic visionary who had a strong admiration towards constant innovation and was a genius leader. Technology, according to Steve Jobs, was a means of enhancing communication among people and bringing them together. His personality attracted employees within the company and also fans among the external stakeholders. He had the capability to give a new shape to the perceptions of people; which at present stimulates their level of acceptance about the company’s products (Razin and Kark 241). Brand name Apple is a brand name that is globally recognized. This brand has a clear and distinct identity. Any good brand has four dimensions, such as, brand name, trademark, visual appearance and brand communication. All these dimensions can be recognized and identified with the brand Apple. This allows the brand to maintain its quality level at a high position, perform better than most other companies in the industry globally and embody those values that help the brand to win its customers’ admiration, respect and loyalty (Danciu 3). Large segment of loyal customers This brand success of Apple Inc. has not resulted from some luck factor or forces beyond the control of the company’s marketers or its leaders. Apple’s success is a part of its well-thought-out plan to attract customers. The plan is two-fold; the focus lies on innovation as well as marketing by keeping in minds the preferences of the customer and background of the market in which it makes the campaign. Therefore, a keystone of Apple’s plan is â€Å"to deliver ‘strong products’ and create an ‘Apple culture’† (â€Å"12 Effective Strategies Apple Uses to Create Loyal Customers†). These strategies help Apple to attract customers and achieve remarkable customer loyalty. Strong research and development department The amount of money spent on the research and devel opment division of Apple has been increased in 2012 from the previous year. The company believes that â€Å"focused investments in R&D are critical to its future growth and competitive position in the marketplace† (Lowensohn). The R&D of the company is directly related to the timely maturity of new products and enhancement of existing products. These are fundamental aspects of the core business strategy

The rate of the reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of the reaction Essay

Globalisation: Advantages And Disadvantages

Globalisation: Advantages And Disadvantages Introduction: faisal From the start of curriculum I was aware of a group project to be completed as a coursework for this academic year. So from that moment I was pretty anxious about, what will be my topic and who all will be my group mates? The latter question was easy to answer but regarding the topic of the coursework stretched my anxiety to a greater extent. But when our group was assigned with the topic of globalisation and its impact on the companys marketing strategy, I was fascinated from the very moment I heard it because during the past two decades I felt that there has been dramatic changes in the way the countries and societies are developing. During this period the accessibility of greater variants of products was at ease. This accessibility has grown manifolds than our parents and grandparents had in their times. So this topic gave me a chance to look into those aspects in the global environment which have triggered these changes. So I was preparing myself to get into greater intricacies and depth of how globalisation has impacted and at what stage of globalisation we are at present. But in conjunction to that my focus was also in understanding the impact of dynamics of these environments on the firms performances as well as the marketing strategies; I was also interested in finding how these firms have adapted during these periods and so on. Therefore I planned and prepared myself to dig into all the kinds of resources i.e. library materials, e-journals and internet to get the valuable information relevant to the topic; so that it could help me for the better understanding and to get started with the project. During the starting of my project, I thought that it was easy for the companies to adapt to the post globalisation period and only the exporting companies should learn about the global marketing strategies. But later in the project I understood that the understanding of global marketing strategies is important to even the domestic players so as to the reporting companies. This was because of the free entry of foreign players in the domestic market of others as a result of globalisation. Globalisation gave both advantages and disadvantages to the companies all over the world. The advantage was they have the liberty to utilise the opportunities which arose in the international markets. The disadvantage is that they have to compete with global players even in their domestic markets. But with the progress of the project and with the help of group discussions we had, we understood that every firm can sustain and utilise the emerging opportunities with the implementation of a good strategy. The companies are trying to cope up with the changing scenario with the modification in their strategies. In the project we tried to analyse the marketing strategies which were prevalent before globalisation and the marketing strategies which are present past globalisation. The emergence of a global economy was due to globalisation. We also tried to analyse the effects of the emergence of global economy in the marketing strategies of the companies. Recollection of experiences: The day I got the topic and our team was formed we all planned and prepared ourselves to get into the details of project so that we can find and analyse the topic and present the report in the best our capabilities before the honorary. The task was humungous but we knew that if we work together nothing is as the heel of Achilles; so we strategized our motto and we promised each other that we all will work together and will not let any stone be unturned in this task. So the first obstacle before us was how to go about and get started with this project. But it is true that nothing is impossible for a productive team. So we planned that we need to divide the topic in different segments i.e. the entire project will be completed in three phases. In the first phase, we divided our group into different sub groups and each sub group was given task to gather the required information regarding the globalisation, the current situation of globalisation, business strategies pre and post globalisa tion era, marketing models, past and current marketing strategies, finding and analysing the global firms and the marketing strategies used by them. During the second phase, we planned to have series of group meeting sessions and frequent brain storming activities where we all gave our inputs and suggestions. During these sessions we were all required to update the group with our progress in our respective topics and findings we had till date, after these we all were given our future task to be completed and project progress precisely and followed by critical feedbacks. This was very crucial to avoid repetitions and to give new perspectives of thinking to the entire group members. These group discussions helped us to create a report which can serve the purpose of project as well as individual learnings. This also helped us to view the other side of every aspect as every individual will think only from one side. This also created a healthy competition among the group members. This me thod also helped us to understand the individual capabilities and capacities of every group member which was very crucial for development of the skills which the individual group members are lacking at. Third phase was also a group meeting session were we all sat together and analysed our project each subgroup, individuals were asked to give their individual analysis of the topic they were handling. On gathering all the analysis, the group was summoned to come to a consensus for the idea, and finally give a perfect analysis. During this stage the final draft of the project was prepared and was checked for errors and details. The errors and the deviations from the group objectives have been discussed at this stage and a group consensus was obtained from these discussions. The various differences from the group objective were found and the measures for rectifying the errors were suggested after the group discussion. The different subgroups discussed about the differences and there was a hot debate regarding the view points of every individual. These differences were supported by their own understanding depending on their own analysis. Therefore achieving a group consensus was very difficult at this point of time. But the group helped us to understand which all the incorrect view-points given by us. This helped us to understand our faults which were proved by the group logically. I understood the fact that the productivity will be high in a group rather than doing a job individually. Being in a group will avoid a self-centric view point in each and every point of life. This was evident from each group works I have done so far. Personal feelings and the learnings from the experience: This project was truly what I dreamt of because from the starting I was very anxious about the factors which are causing changes in our livelihood. Secondly I was curious how companies are coping with these rapid changes in the existing condition; what aspects of marketing are affected by globalisation and role of marketing managers to cope up with this change so as to get their firm golden bottom line always and increasing; always questioned me in my mind and I was searching the answers to these questions anxiously. During this project my sub group was assigned to gather information regarding marketing strategies in the pre and post globalisation era. Our group knew that this topic will require serious amount of groundwork to be completed to make a complete analysis of it. So in-order to accomplish this task, our sub group planned to go for a massive search for all relevant information during the past decade. For this we took the help of the materials present in our library and thro ugh this only our major portion of the information was collected. But going through all the materials in library took the major time of our project. We also resorted to go through the e-journals and internet to gather other vital details. After getting the relevant information, I and my sub group were able to select right and valid data for our project. Soon after this I was allotted in our sub group to make a rough draft of the information gathered during this process. Personally during this project I was able to gather great informations about the globalisation and its effects on companies marketing strategy. This project helped me to go through many journals in this topic which could have otherwise been untouched. Secondly sometimes I was not able to find relevant matters and I ended in searching irrelevant data and as a result I found myself getting caught at the dead ends. But on the further analysis, I found that doing things monotonously can bring a boredom and lacklustre app roach to the assigned task. So I formulated a plan that whenever such a situation occurs, I will ask my team mates to step into and guide or take the things in their hands and continue forwards for a while. After sometime, I rejoined the team and continued with the topic. Finally as a team player I and my team mates were able to produce great results. Sometimes during the group meetings, I was not able to put through my ideas convincingly because I felt I am not that aggressive during a heated debate. So at times I felt my suggestions being unheard during the team meetings. I was feeling very bad at this situation. But my group was so supportive that they had their patience to listen to suggestions. Each and every suggestion of mine was left to a discussion about itself and then the group gave the conclusions. Some conclusions were totally different from mine, but the group made sure that they made me understand where I have gone wrong in my thinking and conclusions. Personally I fe lt so irrelevant in the group at least initially, but later I understood the importance of correcting ones mistake when somebody proves it wrong logically. I was lucky to have such a group which could think diversely without which we could not have been able to give such a good report to our group project. The cooperativeness of the group helped me to enlarge my thinking and helped me to learn a lot about this topic. I was able to streamline my thinking to the topic especially the effects of globalisation on companies marketing strategy even though I knew about globalisation. I have not thought about this specific topic till I did this project. My group helped me to think and they helped me to start the project my adding to my knowledge of globalisation. This learning was very important for me, so that I will not repeat the same mistakes in any future projects. Moreover I have learned a lot of new things which wouldnt have been possible without my supportive group in this project. Group Dynamics and learning from the experience: It is truly said with great things some problems are accompanied to arise. Our team was truly an ingenious group, but when all the high energised individuals gather at a common platform and brainstorm together there are some situations for heated debate bound to occur. The major problem, we as a group faced was whole presenting our updates before the group. Some of the group members were poaching into those territories where there is already a group assigned for the above task. So at this point of time a ruckus usually formed. To rescue the group from this situation, some of our group members took initiatives to sort out the issues and were demarcating our territories to be handled by each subgroup or individuals. This motivated us to get back into the defined tracks. Sometimes during consensus stage, we as a group couldnt come up with consensus because most of the individualistic debates occurred during this time. At this point of time few of us individually stood up and took over t he control of the team and guided the situation to a productive platform and as a result we were able to come to a conclusion which was agreed by all the group members. During the project some of our group mates were not able to keep up with the pace of the project because of the tight schedule we had fixed for the sub groups. So at some point of time, these people felt left alone. But the group meeting sessions proved to be a remarkable platform to put these problems ahead. As a solution to this problem the sub groups were asked to update each group members initiatives, progress and hindrances they were facing. So these individuals who had problems were highlighted and remedy to it these individuals were assigned as a team leader for their sub group and were asked to formulate a strategy for the upcoming events in the project phase and to list out the KRAs (Key Result Areas) to be achieved till the next group meeting. Apart from these problems, sometimes irrelevant topics of debate s occurred during the group meetings which we as a group felt that it was hampering our productivity but our group members mostly recognised such situations and intervened and divert those to our project and to our relevant goals. Lessons for the future projects: Truly this project helped me and my group in a great way. Because of this project we were able to understand the details of the pre and post globalisation era; how this has affected the countries, people and society and the reason for their growth and development; the details of the developed, developing and underdeveloped economies and so on. The project has given us a great insight regarding the strategies and growth potential in this era and the marketing strategies the companies are using to cope with the competition in the globalised village. This project also helped me to understand the importance of home work before approaching a project. The homework here means preparing about the topic very deeply and thoroughly by reading more and more books, articles, journals, etc. This also helps to increase the quality of the project thereby increasing my personal knowledge. This also helps everyone to have a look at a topic from different perspectives so that a perfect conclusion can be presented, also helped me to identify the importance of keeping a timeline and adhering strictly to it so that the work as a whole can be delivered within the time frame given to the projects. This project taught me the importance and being receptive for new ideas and not being stubborn with my own ideas. These are major learnings for me from this group project which I can use as a lesson for my future projects. On the other hand this project has given us an opportunity to work as a team. This has led to a better understanding about our peers, know how, knowledge and the way they approach a situation helped us greatly. It also gave us an opportunity to develop our competency skills. This group project is a replica of our future working environments. So working under such teams gave our group glimpses of dynamics when a high energy team is brain storming and working to achieve a goal. It has also helped me to understand the importance of team work and productivity associated while working with great talent pool. So me and my group learned that no task is big for a team if the members of the team puts a whole hearted dedication to achieve the common goal. This project has also given me an opportunity to understand my mates bit more differently and it had made our bonding to the great extents. This group gave us all a stage to analyse our skills and competencies on a comparative basis. This has highlighted our strengths and weaknesses as an individual we possess and we have took that learnings on a very positive note; we as a group are trying to augment our strengths to our higher level while mending our weaknesses to bare minimum for our future projects and it is a mirror towards the realities which we are going to face in the corporate world. Conclusion: It is rightly said that The journey of thousand mile starts with a single step. I truly believe it after going through this project has given me a new insight about our globalised village; how great strategies have come and have been modified through-out. This has led me to a new paradigm to believe that the certainties of uncertainties are great and tackling this will make a global business players strategies crucial and vital. At personal front I am trying to improve my emotional and intellectual fronts while working as a team player. I also understood the roles of a team player and team leader; the need for a supportive group for better productivity; the amicable way of achieving a common consensus, etc. Moreover I have learned that one need to be opened to ideas and be alert to gather valuable information irrespective of individuals we are interacting and I am trying to be an excellent listener and good learner because the knowledge keeps on increasing when you are interacting frequently with others and if one doesnt, they will be obsolete in terms of knowledge base in near future. This is very crucial in the present competitive world and it has been rightly said that rolling stones gathers no moss. Last but not the least, I want to thank wholeheartedly to all my peers, seniors and faculties who have shared their valuable insights and their precious time to help me to complete this project successfully.

Femininity in Homer’s Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays

Femininity in Homer’s Iliad In Homer’s Iliad, predominant feminine presence inspires the events of the poem and the destinies of the men involved. This feminine presence is not a product of the actions and decisions of the women in the poem, but rather a conceptual, creative feminine force without which the poem and even human life would not exist. Homer personifies this presence in nature and maintains it through the voice of the Muse, his inspiration. There is a deeper essence of a feminine presence in the poem, however, which lies in the characteristics of life itself. It is the woman who gives birth to the heroes and therefore she is the first to bring her child to life and to put him on the road to death. This biological phenomenon might seem superficially irrelevant to the fears and concerns of the masculine heroes who are most concerned with death, destiny and honor, the principle themes of the Iliad. These are of great importance to these heroes because these aspects of life will determine whethe r or not the world will remember them. Furthermore, as fame is their only path to immortality, the desire for fame after death motivates them to live honorably. It is the feminine role in nature that introduces the men to the life of the hero which instills this longing to be remembered after death, and it is, therefore, the feminine role in nature that gives purpose to human life. Homer acknowledges this effect and uses poetic devices to maintain a powerful presence of femininity throughout the poem. The feminine presence in the Iliad carries the poem like a pregnant woman carries a fetus in its final stages in the womb. Homer hints at this phenomenon through the many details of his poem that involve units of nine. As th... ...en will grow while another / dies† (6.146-149). Glaukos, the â€Å"shining son of Hippolochos,† (6. 145) makes this declaration in Book Six. The fact that Homer describes him as â€Å"the shining son of Hippolochos† indicates that his ancestors were virtuous and fortunate to have an honorable descendent to tell their stories to respectful listeners. Without a decent parentage and honorable descendents, a man’s fame will not survive his death. Men do not have the power to ensure that they will have children and grandchildren to continue their lineage; it is the woman who carries the child in her womb. A man can never be sure if his child is legitimately from his or another man’s blood line. This knowledge is a power that nature gave the woman, a power that no man can ever control. Work Cited Homer, Iliad, trans. Richard Lattimore New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1965. Femininity in Homer’s Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays Femininity in Homer’s Iliad In Homer’s Iliad, predominant feminine presence inspires the events of the poem and the destinies of the men involved. This feminine presence is not a product of the actions and decisions of the women in the poem, but rather a conceptual, creative feminine force without which the poem and even human life would not exist. Homer personifies this presence in nature and maintains it through the voice of the Muse, his inspiration. There is a deeper essence of a feminine presence in the poem, however, which lies in the characteristics of life itself. It is the woman who gives birth to the heroes and therefore she is the first to bring her child to life and to put him on the road to death. This biological phenomenon might seem superficially irrelevant to the fears and concerns of the masculine heroes who are most concerned with death, destiny and honor, the principle themes of the Iliad. These are of great importance to these heroes because these aspects of life will determine whethe r or not the world will remember them. Furthermore, as fame is their only path to immortality, the desire for fame after death motivates them to live honorably. It is the feminine role in nature that introduces the men to the life of the hero which instills this longing to be remembered after death, and it is, therefore, the feminine role in nature that gives purpose to human life. Homer acknowledges this effect and uses poetic devices to maintain a powerful presence of femininity throughout the poem. The feminine presence in the Iliad carries the poem like a pregnant woman carries a fetus in its final stages in the womb. Homer hints at this phenomenon through the many details of his poem that involve units of nine. As th... ...en will grow while another / dies† (6.146-149). Glaukos, the â€Å"shining son of Hippolochos,† (6. 145) makes this declaration in Book Six. The fact that Homer describes him as â€Å"the shining son of Hippolochos† indicates that his ancestors were virtuous and fortunate to have an honorable descendent to tell their stories to respectful listeners. Without a decent parentage and honorable descendents, a man’s fame will not survive his death. Men do not have the power to ensure that they will have children and grandchildren to continue their lineage; it is the woman who carries the child in her womb. A man can never be sure if his child is legitimately from his or another man’s blood line. This knowledge is a power that nature gave the woman, a power that no man can ever control. Work Cited Homer, Iliad, trans. Richard Lattimore New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1965.

Essay --

The purpose of the present study Stanley 46 (1999) was to profile competitive junior female tennis players and determine if differences in fitness exist between state (n = 13, age=16.23 yrs) and district (n = 10, age = 17.10 yrs) standard female tennis players. The fitness components measured included: maximal aerobic capacity (graded treadmill test to volitional exhaustion with direct oxygen analysis), strength (grip strength), power (vertical jump), speed (20 yard dash), muscular endurance (60second sit-up), agility (spider test), flexibility (sit and reach) and body composition (restricted anthropometric profile). A questionnaire was also administered to determine fitness training habits and attitudes to fitness. A series of unpaired t-tests found no significant differences between the groups on any of the body composition or fitness variables. The only significant difference occurred with the subjects playing age where the state group had been playing tennis for a significantly l onger time (8.46 yrs) than the district group (6.55 yrs). The results of the present study showed that the fitness level of the girls was sub-standard. This may partly explain the current lull in the performance of Australia's female tennis players. Questionnaire results showed that most girls were spending considerable time doing fitness training each week however, the questionnaire also showed that most of the girls did not have a fitness program to follow and would like a program written for them. To succeed at the highest level the tennis player must be proficient in all three areas of skill, psychology and fitness. Graetzer., & Shultz. 47 (1995) assessed aerobic and anaerobic power and capacity, muscular strength, flexibility, balance, and blood ... ...yers (4,063 m and 4,050 m vs. 3,866 m), respectively. However, in light of the distance-covered values (i.e., 2066-5251 m) found by Manchado. et al. (2008), the study was not very clear on the basis of the practical significance of these differences is unclear. The wing players are also engaged in more high intensity work, than the back-court players (1.35%) and pivots (2.32%). On offense, wing players received less tackles (7.5 per match) than back-court players (15.9) and pivots (25.4). On defence, wing players performed fewer tackles (11.8 per match) than back-court players (24.6) and pivots (27.4). Wing players also engaged in more quick runs (4.4 per game) compared to back-court players (1.35) and pivots (2.47). In, summary, wing players did more high intensity work, covered greater distances and engaged in fewer tackles than both back court players and pivots.

Organizational overview and goals Essay

Cadbury is one of the leading companies in ht world which marketing confectionaries. Ireland is one of the main market for Cadbury having Ireland Cadbury operating since 1932 and producing more than 200 brand distributed to over 30 countries. Cadbury’s goal is to create a way through for its white chocolate that will be introduced to the market targeting the adult female population. The target market for the product will be the female marketing pupation which is likely to make the purchasing decision for the whole family. The introduction of the product in the market will make use of a number of strategies which will involve below and above-the-line marketing tactics to take the product to the final consumer. This will involve the combination of strategic price, promotional activities, effective direct marketing, and other effective marketing tactics(Card bury, 2008) Effectiveness of the goals The Cadbury Company has a capability of achieving this goal as it has already identified the target market of its product. With the goal and the product in the market, there is a way as the company would use its strong brand that are existing in the market to market and introduce the new product. (Card bury, 2008) Planning for the achievement of the goals Cadbury has already laid strategies that will enhance the product has faired well in the market. This has started by identifying the target group that will ensure that the other groups would follow if the female population. The female population is the most preferred for they have to buy for their families and thus enabling the company to achieve its goals. On the other hand the new brand does not have much sugar as the brown chocolate thus disassociating the product with high health risks as most would claim that much sugar would spoil teeth therefore spoiling the chocolate market. Since the product is already in the market, this marketing strategy will be aimed at introducing the new brand which targets a different market segment from the existing brands. This will be achieved through the use of different marketing strategies. (Card bury, 2008)

The Evolution and the Impact of Currency Futures in India

Currency futures trading started in India on August 29, 2008 on National Stock Exchange. This was the first time currency derivatives got listed on an exchange in India. Till this time, the currency futures trading took place over the counter and were unorganized. With the entry of the National Stock Exchange in the picture, currency trading became more organized with the NSE acting as a counter party to all the transactions. Soon after BSE and MCX also marked their entry into the currency derivatives market.Currency futures is mainly using as a risk management tool by exporters and importers. There are three types of traders are in the market i. e Hedgers, Speculators and Arbitragers. Currency futures are mainly used as a hedging instrument by importers and exporters. A foreign exchange deal is always done in currency pairs, for example USD-INR, GBP-INR, JPY-INR etc. In a currency pair, the first currency is referred to as the base currency and the second currency is referred to as the counter/base currency. Foreign exchange prices are highly volatile and fluctuate in real time basis.In foreign exchange contracts, the price fluctuation is expressed as appreciation/depreciation or the strengthening/weakening of a currency relative to other. The Currency futures contracts traded at the NSE have a tick size of Rs. 0025. tick value refers to the amount of money that is made or lost in a contract with each price movement. The spot market transaction does not imply immediate exchange of currency, rather the settlement (exchange of currency) takes place on a value date, which is usually two business days after the trade date.The price at which the deal takes place is known as the spot rate (also known as benchmark price). The two-day settlement period allows the parties to confirm the transaction and arrange payment to each other. A forward transaction is a currency transaction wherein the actual settlement date is at a specified future date, which is more than two w orking days after the deal date. The date of settlement and the rate of exchange (called forward rate) is specified in the contract.The difference between spot rate and forward rate is called â€Å"forward margin†. The pricing of currency futures can be done by using cost of carry model and interest rate parity principle. Importers are using long term strategy and exporters are using short term strategy. ` The trading can be done in NSE from 9. 00 am to 5 pm. Currency futures have a maximum expiration period of 12 months. Individuals, partnership firms, corporations and companies can participate in Currency future market. There are certain set of eligibility criteria for membership.The trading system at NSE is known as NEAT-CDS(National Exchange for Automated Trading- Currency Derivative Segment). The final settlement of futures contracts is effected on T+2 day basis as per the timelines specified by the clearing corporation. The final settlement date is the contract expiry d ate. Since the final settlement is done on the contract expiry date, the last trading day is two working days prior to the last business day of the expiry month at 12 noon.Derivative is a product whose value is derived from the value of one or more basic variables called base (underlying asset, index, or reference rate), in a contractual manner. The underlying asset can be equity, foreign exchange, commodity or any other asset. For example, wheat farmers may wish to sell their harvest at a future date to eliminate the risk of a change in prices by that date. Such a transaction is an example of a derivative. The price of this derivative is driven by the spot price of wheat which is the â€Å"underlying†.In the Indian context the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 [SC(R)A] defines â€Å"derivative† to include- 1. A security derived from a debt instrument, share, loan whether secured or unsecured, risk instrument or contract for differences or any other form of s ecurity. 2. A contract which derives its value from the prices, or index of prices, of underlying securities Derivatives are securities under the SC(R)A and hence the trading of derivatives is governed by the regulatory framework under the SC(R)A.The term derivative has also been defined in section 45U(a) of the RBI act as follows: An instrument, to be settled at a future date, whose value is derived from change in interest rate, foreign exchange rate, credit rating or credit index, price of securities (also called â€Å"underlying†), or a combination of more than one of them and includes interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency-rupee swaps, foreign currency options, foreign currency-rupee options or such other instruments as may be specified by the Bank from time to time.

Reinsurance Group of America and Fonterra

Reinsurance Group of America and Fonterra: Going for Unified Global Operations CASE STUDY QUESTIONS: The business value of these global system developments for the companies mentioned in the case is very high. In case of RGA, the employees can analyze data by client, contract, and product and can find client errors very easily. This has been made possible because data is not stored at one place. This is very important for supporting the reinsurance business. It has made it easy to manage the reinsurance business.The global system developments help RGA data validation and data quality. This enables better risk analysis, and retention analysis leading to greater profits. Similarly in case of Fonterra the upgrading of the Fonterra business so that that the silos at the diary group are of large stainless steel variety. The global systems program aimed at improving the supply chain of a diary giant from cow to manufacturing to storage to customers. RGA achieved these benefits because it w as relieved of the problem of worrying about how the business should be managed.In addition, the system helps strengthen data validation and data quality. These useful benefits were achieved by engaging the business and adapting its own practices to the demand of the situation. The company has achieved the benefits by setting up an integrated, multicurrency, and Multilingualism. 2. Trying to implement a solution all at once is not feasible because many clients have essential operations that run during normal working hours and cannot afford the luxury of having their entire operation close down for a lengthy period in time.Often, clients have front office staff that attend to these operations (such as call centers, help desks, etc. ), and they work in 24-hour shifts. This is why many clients approve of a phased implementation approach, and the project team must ensure that the phased implementation is possible. This approach involves implementing the solution to a certain amount of u sers and then rolling them onto the new solution, while the rest of the users are olled out in a similar fashion, until the entire solution is rolled out within the client environment. The phase approach works well because (1) there is minimal disruption to the clients operation, and (2) problems are resolved quicker. The phased approach could also be used if there is more than one department. The project manager could decide that implementing the solution in one department at a time could be more reliable than trying to roll out all departments at the same time. 3.

Qualitative report.How do people develop and maintain friendships at Essay

Qualitative report.How do people develop and maintain friendships at University - Essay Example The friends should enjoy the company of one another, they should be useful for each other in time of problems and needs and this condition is regarded as the most paramount condition for being a good friend. The third pre requisite is that they should share a common belonging with certain idea of concept. In other words they must share the same interests or hobbies that will be a cement substance for the long time relationship. Aristotle supports the same idea of pre-conditions in the friendship. Similarly, Bell and Coleman altercated that friendship is a bond or relationship in which there is not a specific reason for â€Å"self centred† behaviours and these friendship is not necessarily grounded with the intentions of gain or profit. Changingminds.org (2002)   The classical views and conventional ideas supported that in friendship, the constraints of the relationship vary a lot from person to person. For example Graham Allan said that in friendship. The more things which a re weighed are informal behaviours, pleasure, comfort, care and voluntary skills. Because friendship is not based on some pre defined profits, loss or gain, rather it is the culminating need of the humans to have friends in order to support each other, emotionally, mentally and for the fulfilment of societal needs. Resourcelists.st-andrews.ac.uk (2012) According to Aristotle, there are mainly two kinds of friendships at the generic level. First type of friendship that is genuine and the friendship that is not truly genuine. Genuine friendship comprises of the essence and peculiarity of love and care. The other kind of friendship is in turn divided in two kinds. Friendship for pleasure and the other type is friendship for expediency and serviceability. In this kind of friendship the bond is developed with the intention of selfishness in some form or the other. This type of bond is bound to extenuate and abate as no two human beings can either provide pleasure of any kind of utility f or each other indefinitely. In genuine friendship, love is the driving force in the relationship and irrespective of usability and pleasure; the both sides continue to uphold the sanctity of the relationship because it helps to fulfil their spiritual and societal needs. The usability and pleasure is the intended by products of genuine friendship. The genuine friendships are necessary to improve the relationships among the human beings in a society as it brings people closer to each other by instigating a sense of voluntary actions within their nature. Infed.org (1999)   Suzanne Stern-Gillet that the example of friendships that are based on pleasure and utility is just like activities of the normal life because such kind of friendships does not affect the human lives in high magnitudes. If someone has a friend who gives internal pleasure and some kind of gain to the other friend then it will not matter much when this friendship will end because there will be some another one to rep lace the former. But this is not the case in the friendships which have the spirit of love based friendship. Genuine friendships really put effects on people’s life because the peculiar charm in genuine friendship is related with personalities rather than materialistic gains. The personalities are important to each other in genuine friendships and sense of care and responsibility gives boost to this approach of friendship. Plato.stanford.edu (2005) There are numerous theories and practices about the